{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T12:56:09Z","timestamp":1761310569772},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,27]],"date-time":"2009-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1248652800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three cDNAs encoding rhoptry-associated protein 1 (RAP-1) homologues were found in the<jats:italic>Babesia gibsoni<\/jats:italic>EST database. Based on similarities to BgRAP-1a, which was identified previously by serological screening of a cDNA merozoite library, the two new genes were designated<jats:italic>BgRAP-1b<\/jats:italic>(33\u00b77%) and<jats:italic>BgRAP-1c<\/jats:italic>(57%). Mice antiserum raised against each recombinant protein reacted specifically with<jats:italic>B. gibsoni<\/jats:italic>parasites as determined by Western blotting, which showed native molecular sizes of the BgRAP-1a (51 kDa), BgRAP-1b (53 kDa) and BgRAP-1c (47 kDa) consistent with predictable molecular weights. Immunofluoresence using these antibodies revealed localization of all BgRAP-1s within the matrix of merozoites; however, BgRAP-1a appeared to diverge from the other two when it was found secreted into the cytoplasm of infected erythrocytes. Apical localization of all 3 BgRAP-1s during the extracellular stage of the parasite combined with their ability to bind a canine erythrocyte membrane fraction was suggestive of a role for these proteins in erythrocyte attachment. Lastly, the ability of these recombinant proteins to be used as diagnostic reagents was tested by ELISA and the sensitivities of BgRAP-1a and BgRAP-1c were found increased through N-terminal truncation. Taken together, our data suggest divergent roles for the 3 BgRAP-1s in the merozoite stage of<jats:italic>B. gibsoni<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003118200999045x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,27]],"date-time":"2009-07-27T09:55:36Z","timestamp":1248688536000},"page":"1147-1160","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Molecular characterizations of three distinct<i>Babesia gibsoni<\/i>rhoptry-associated protein-1s (RAP-1s)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"M. 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