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Additional drugs should be developed as only few drugs are available for treatment and drug resistance might emerge.<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>whole parasite screens represent essential components of the trematodicidal drug discovery cascade. This review describes the current state-of-the-art of<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>screening systems of the blood fluke<jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>, the liver fluke<jats:italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic>and the intestinal fluke<jats:italic>Echinostoma caproni<\/jats:italic>. Examples of<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>evaluation of compounds for activity are presented. To boost the discovery pipeline for these diseases there is a need to develop validated, robust high-throughput<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>systems with simple readouts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182009991739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,7]],"date-time":"2009-12-07T14:31:49Z","timestamp":1260196309000},"page":"589-603","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i>and<i>in vivo<\/i>trematode models for chemotherapeutic 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