{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:11:32Z","timestamp":1791223892181,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,26]],"date-time":"2011-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1303776000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In the epidemiology of infectious diseases, the basic reproduction number, R\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    , has a number of important applications, most notably it can be used to predict whether a pathogen is likely to become established, or persist, in a given area. We used the R\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    model to investigate the persistence of 3 tick-borne pathogens;\n                    <jats:italic>Babesia microti, Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    sensu lato in an\n                    <jats:italic>Apodemus sylvaticus-Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    system. The persistence of these pathogens was also determined empirically by screening questing ticks and wood mice by PCR. All 3 pathogens behaved differently in response to changes in the proportion of transmission hosts on which\n                    <jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    fed, the efficiency of transmission between the host and ticks and the abundance of larval and nymphal ticks found on small mammals. Empirical data supported theoretical predictions of the R\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    model. The transmission pathway employed and the duration of systemic infection were also identified as important factors responsible for establishment or persistence of tick-borne pathogens in a given tick-host system. The current study demonstrates how the R\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    model can be put to practical use to investigate factors affecting tick-borne pathogen persistence, which has important implications for animal and human health worldwide.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182011000400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,26]],"date-time":"2011-04-26T05:09:11Z","timestamp":1303794551000},"page":"896-905","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Investigating the persistence of tick-borne pathogens via the R\n                    <sub>0<\/sub>\n                    model"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"HARRISON","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. I.","family":"MONTGOMERY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. J.","family":"BOWN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.4.1259-1263.2002"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1512.090178"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182098003564"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/153036601316977750"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1086\/341518","article-title":"Stage-structured infection transmission and a spatial epidemic: a model for Lyme disease","volume":"160","author":"Caraco","year":"2002","journal-title":"The American Naturalist"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref30","first-page":"61","article-title":"Zoonotic reservoir of Babesia microti in Poland","volume":"53","author":"Karbowiak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Polish Journal of Microbiology"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.3.1309-1317.2005"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/44.5.869"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006233700194"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(98)01224-1"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref16","unstructured":"Gigon F. (1985). Biologie d'Ixodes ricinus L. sur le Plateau Suisse-Une contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9cologie de ce vecteur. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Neuchatel, France."},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1999.0982"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.9.3395-3397.2001"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0901.020169"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5193(03)00173-5"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319347"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1991.44.100"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.156.14.442"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.1002-1007.2000","article-title":"PCR detection of granulocytic ehrlichiae in Ixodes ricinus ticks and wild small mammals in western Switzerland","volume":"38","author":"Liz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004004925"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.006"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(01)02298-3"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90420-A"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref8","first-page":"155","article-title":"Role of grey squirrels and pheasants in the transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the Lyme disease spirochaete, in the U.K","volume":"44","author":"Craine","year":"1997","journal-title":"Folia Parasitologica"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref9","first-page":"73","article-title":"Seasonal variation in the role of grey squirrels as hosts of Ixodes ricinus, the tick vector of the Lyme disease spirochaete, in a British woodland","volume":"42","author":"Craine","year":"1995","journal-title":"Folia Parasitologica"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00178324"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/33.1.189"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bulm.2004.03.007"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref18","first-page":"473","article-title":"Biology of Ixodes species ticks in relation to tick-borne zoonoses","volume":"114","author":"Gray","year":"2002","journal-title":"Wiener klinische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/29.6.915"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007642908546"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2009.18072.x"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/587530"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050378","article-title":"Prevalence rates of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in host-seeking Ixodes ricinus ticks in Europe","volume":"84","author":"Hub\u00e1lek","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/32.6.765"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref28","first-page":"65","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi in a focus of Lyme borreliosis: epizootiologic contribution of small mammals","volume":"40","author":"Humair","year":"1993","journal-title":"Folia Parasitologica"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3616608"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.12.3091-3095.1995","article-title":"Simultaneous detection and genotyping of three genomic groups of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Dutch Ixodes ricinus ticks by characterization of the amplified intergenic spacer region between 5S and 23S rRNA genes","volume":"33","author":"Rijpkema","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.63.3.1102-1106.1997","article-title":"Local variations in the distribution and prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genomospecies in Ixodes ricinus ticks","volume":"63","author":"Kirstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"S0031182011000400_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5344","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.12.5344-5352.1994","article-title":"Differential immune responses to Borrelia burgdorferi in European wild rodent species influence spirochete transmission to Ixodes ricinus L. 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