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Native adult parasite proteins were separated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified through electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry to produce a reference gel. Proteins from differential gel electrophoresis analyses of the three parasite proteomes were compared and screened against sera from hamsters infected with <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>E. caproni<\/jats:italic> following 2-dimensional Western blotting. Differential protein expression between the three species was observed with <jats:italic>circa<\/jats:italic> 5% of proteins from <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic> showing expression up-regulation compared to the other two species. There was 91% similarity between the proteomes of the two S<jats:italic>chistosoma<\/jats:italic> species and 81% and 78\u00b76% similarity between <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. bovis<\/jats:italic> versus <jats:italic>E. caproni<\/jats:italic>, respectively. Although there were some common cross-species antigens, species-species targets were revealed which, despite evolutionary homology, could be due to phenotypic plasticity arising from different host-parasite relationships. Nevertheless, this approach helps to identify novel intervention targets which could be used as broad-spectrum candidates for future use in human and veterinary vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182011000412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,10]],"date-time":"2011-06-10T12:53:00Z","timestamp":1307710380000},"page":"1607-1619","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Screening trematodes for novel intervention targets: a proteomic and immunological comparison of <i>Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma bovis<\/i> and <i>Echinostoma caproni<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"MELISSA","family":"HIG\u00d3N","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GRAEME","family":"COWAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NORMAN","family":"NAUSCH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DAVID","family":"CAVANAGH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ANA","family":"OLEAGA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RAFAEL","family":"TOLEDO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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