{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T10:30:32Z","timestamp":1760783432711},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,8]],"date-time":"2011-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312761600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is much evidence to indicate the ability of Indinavir (IND) to reduce<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:italic>infection in both<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>models. However, there are limitations to the administration of IND as such, due to its renal toxicity and the high rate of metabolism and degradation. We aimed to encapsulate IND in biodegradable poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (Np) and to engineer their surface by conjugation with an anti-<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>IgG polyclonal antibody (Ab). Tetramethylrhodamine-labelled Np were loaded with IND and modified by conjugation with an Ab. The IND-loaded modified Np (Ab-TMR-IND-Np) did not show any change, as demonstrated by chemical analysis studies. Simultaneous addition of 50<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M Ab-TMR-IND-Np and excysted oocysts to the cell culture resulted in complete inhibition of the infection. In<jats:italic>C. parvum-<\/jats:italic>infected cells, the extent to which the infection decreased depended on the duration of treatment with the Ab-TMR-IND-Np. The antibody-engineered Np loaded with IND were able to target<jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>in infected cells and therefore might represent a novel therapeutic strategy against<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>sp. infection. Moreover, the use of Np as an IND delivery device, allows the development of a more appropriate dose formulation thereby reducing the IND side effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182011001119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,8]],"date-time":"2011-08-08T09:22:05Z","timestamp":1312795325000},"page":"1384-1391","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The loading of labelled antibody-engineered nanoparticles with Indinavir increases its<i>in vitro<\/i>efficacy against<i>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"BONDIOLI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"LUDOVISI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"TOSI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"RUOZI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"FORNI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"POZIO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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