{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T12:59:57Z","timestamp":1769605197591,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,8]],"date-time":"2011-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312761600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated the molecular and biological variation among different<jats:italic>Giardia duodenalis<\/jats:italic>assemblages.<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>growth and susceptibility to albendazole, fenbendazole, flubendazole, metronidazole, tinidazole and furazolidone was studied for laboratory (A<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>: WB, A<jats:sub>II<\/jats:sub>: G1 and B: GS\/M-83-H7) and 6 field isolates of assemblage subtype A<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>, A<jats:sub>II<\/jats:sub>, B and E<jats:sub>III<\/jats:sub>. Additionally, isolates of the 3 assemblages were evaluated in the gerbil upon 3-day oral treatment with albendazole (6 mg\/kg), flubendazole (5 mg\/kg) and metronidazole (20 mg\/kg). Assemblage A<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>grew significantly faster than all other assemblage subtypes, which showed comparable generation times. The assemblage A laboratory strains displayed altered<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>drug susceptibilities compared to their matching A<jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>or A<jats:sub>II<\/jats:sub>field isolate. No variation in drug susceptibility was observed between field isolates of assemblages A and E. However, assemblage A laboratory strains were more susceptible to the benzimidazoles and less susceptible to the nitro-imidazoles and furazolidone than the assemblage B laboratory strain. In the gerbil, no markedly different drug susceptibilities were observed. In conclusion, the<jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>assemblage subtype can be associated with differences in growth characteristics rather than in drug susceptibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182011001223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,8]],"date-time":"2011-08-08T09:22:06Z","timestamp":1312795326000},"page":"1354-1361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Variation in growth and drug susceptibility among<i>Giardia duodenalis<\/i>assemblages A, B and E in axenic<i>in vitro<\/i>culture and in the gerbil model"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"B\u00c9N\u00c9R\u00c9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"VAN ASSCHE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"COS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"MAES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1998.59.01.61","article-title":"Efficacy of fenbendazole in the treatment of experimental Giardia infection in dogs","volume":"59","author":"Zajac","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.1.150-164.2001"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2004.02.001"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr029"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm205"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8252","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)39721-1","article-title":"Distinct reduction of nitrofurans and metronidazole to free radical metabolites by Tritrichomonas foetus hydrogenosomal and cytosolic enzymes","volume":"259","author":"Moreno","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/46.5.819"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-293R"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(85)90092-6"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.31.2.183"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.09.006"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000560"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.8.12.1885"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(93)90095-G"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg150"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref12","first-page":"285","article-title":"Phenotypic and genotypic variation in giardia lamblia","volume":"12","author":"Cevallos","year":"1991","journal-title":"Saudi Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90151-9"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(92)90101-P"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2010.08.001"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2007.07.014"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh388"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(95)00065-9"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1985.46.12.2539","article-title":"Anthelmintic efficacy of flubendazole paste against nematodes and cestodes in dogs and cats","volume":"46","author":"Vanparijs","year":"1985","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.01.003"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1997.58.04.384","article-title":"Efficacy of fenbendazole for treatment of giardiasis in calves","volume":"58","author":"O'Handley","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009990436"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2010.06.005"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.07.016"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref34","first-page":"38","article-title":"In vitro effects of metronidazole and albendazole on Giardia lamblia isolated from iranian patients","volume":"3","author":"Mohamadnezhad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90383-6"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/18.3.393"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.9.2086"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0754-9","article-title":"Nitroheterocyclic drugs with broad spectrum activity","volume":"90","author":"Raether","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(90)90228-V"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-0932-5"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.03.001"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050427"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(80)90249-7"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref46","volume-title":"Martindale the Complete Drug Reference","author":"Sweetman","year":"2007"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000064556"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(94)00174-M"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.37.2.328"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(96)02661-8"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-007-0404-3"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000682"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.07.008"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/14.5.449"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1988.38.65"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.04.008"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref24","first-page":"543","article-title":"Genome analysis and comparative genomics of a Giardia intestinalis assemblage E isolate","volume":"11","author":"Jerlstrom-Hultqvist","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC"},{"key":"S0031182011001223_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(83)90120-7"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182011001223","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T10:56:00Z","timestamp":1741431360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182011001223\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,8]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182011001223"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182011001223","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,8]]}}}