{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T14:28:12Z","timestamp":1778682492575,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,18]],"date-time":"2013-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366243200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bovine besnoitiosis is a chronic and debilitating disease, caused by the apicomplexan parasite<jats:italic>Besnoitia besnoiti<\/jats:italic>. Infection of cattle by<jats:italic>B. besnoiti<\/jats:italic>is governed by the tachyzoite stage, which is related to acute infection, and the bradyzoite stage gathered into macroscopic cysts located in subcutaneous tissue in the skin, mucosal membranes and sclera conjunctiva and related to persistence and chronic infection. However, the entire life cycle of this parasite and the molecular mechanisms underlying tachyzoite-to-bradyzoite conversion remain unknown. In this context, a different antigenic pattern has been observed between tachyzoite and bradyzoite extracts. Thus, to identify stage-specific proteins, a difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) approach was used on tachyzoite and bradyzoite extracts followed by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. A total of 130 and 132 spots were differentially expressed in bradyzoites and tachyzoites, respectively (average ratio\u00b11\u00b75,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b705 in<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-test). Furthermore, 25 differentially expressed spots were selected and analysed by MALDI-TOF\/MS. As a result, 5 up-regulated bradyzoite proteins (GAPDH, ENO1, LDH, SOD and RNA polymerase) and 5 up-regulated tachyzoite proteins (ENO2; LDH; ATP synthase; HSP70 and PDI) were identified. The present results set the basis for the identification of new proteins as drug targets. Moreover, the role of these proteins in tachyzoite-to-bradyzoite conversion and the role of the host cell environment should be a subject of further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003118201300036x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,18]],"date-time":"2013-04-18T11:40:48Z","timestamp":1366285248000},"page":"999-1008","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Identification of<i>Besnoitia besnoiti<\/i>proteins that showed differences in abundance between tachyzoite and bradyzoite stages by difference gel electrophoresis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"AURORA","family":"FERN\u00c1NDEZ-GARC\u00cdA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GEMA","family":"ALVAREZ-GARC\u00cdA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"VIRGINIA","family":"MARUG\u00c1N-HERN\u00c1NDEZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"PAULA","family":"GARC\u00cdA-LUNAR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ADRIANA","family":"AGUADO-MART\u00cdNEZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"VER\u00d3NICA","family":"RISCO-CASTILLO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LUIS M.","family":"ORTEGA-MORA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(96)00566-5"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/epr.09.16"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00193-X"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(87)90002-1"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.06.021"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9806005"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.03.017"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.04.033"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011001351"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-3298"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002567"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-3-26"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref42","first-page":"264","article-title":"Studies on bovine besnoitiosis with special reference to the aetiology","volume":"28","author":"Pols","year":"1960","journal-title":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref41","first-page":"221","article-title":"Separation of human monocytes on density gradients of percoll\u00ae","volume":"33","author":"Pertoft","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Immunological Methods"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.1.1","article-title":"Role of oxidants in microbial pathophysiology","volume":"10","author":"Miller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(91)90178-9"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxf091"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2011.02.004"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200900664"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2011.06.012"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200300617"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200900305"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00260-0"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182007000194"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769109145806"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.09.014"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.06.006"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2012.01318.x"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref19","article-title":"First 2-DE approach towards characterising the proteome and immunome of Besnoitia besnoiti in the tachyzoite stage","author":"Garc\u00eda-Lunar","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm981"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01107"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref14","article-title":"Scientific statement on Bovine besnoitiosis","volume":"8","year":"2010","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991259"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.022"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00308-3"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-3222"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M110.000745"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M504158200"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1772.1"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(97)00182-3"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref5","first-page":"3","article-title":"New concepts on the epidemiological features of bovine besnoitiosis as determined by laboratory and field investigations","volume":"35","author":"Bigalke","year":"1968","journal-title":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.01.027"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref3","first-page":"222","volume-title":"21st International Conference WAAVP","author":"Alzieu","year":"2007"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.06.020"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.11.030"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)02911-3"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200400963"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00211-X"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.1.576-583.2004"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1995.tb01556.x"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.1.3.329-340.2002"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2683(20000401)21:6<1037::AID-ELPS1037>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.12.019"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200390006"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.08.013"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3295","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.7.3295-3302.1998","article-title":"Bradyzoite development in Toxoplasma gondii and the HSP70 stress response","volume":"66","author":"Weiss","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-006-0002-z"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.01.039"},{"key":"S003118201300036X_ref1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Segnalazione di un focolaio di Besnoitiosi in bovine da carne importati","volume":"15","author":"Agosti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Praxis"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S003118201300036X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]],"date-time":"2020-07-25T15:47:40Z","timestamp":1595692060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S003118201300036X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,18]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S003118201300036X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s003118201300036x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,18]]}}}