{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T14:44:07Z","timestamp":1778683447961,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,23]],"date-time":"2013-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369267200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> is an apicomplexan intracellular protozoan parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis, a disease with considerable medical and economic impact worldwide. <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> cells never lose the nuclear envelope and their chromosomes do not condense. Here, we tested the murine monoclonal antibody PL2-6, which labels epichromatin (a conformational chromatin epitope based on histones H2A and H2B complexed with DNA), in <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> cultured in human fibroblasts. This epitope is present at the exterior chromatin surface of interphase nuclei and on the periphery of mitotic chromosomes in higher eukaryotes. PL2-6 reacted with <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> H2A and H2B histones in Western blot (WB) assays. In addition, the antibody reacted with the nuclear fraction of tachyzoites, as a single band coincident with H2B histone. In the <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> tachyzoite stage, PL2-6 also had peripheral nuclear localization, as observed by epifluorescence\/confocal microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. Confocal analysis showed that epichromatin is slightly polarized to one face of the parasite exterior chromatin surface. In replicating tachyzoites, PL2-6 also labels the exterior chromatin surface, covering the face of both segregating nuclei, facing the plasma membrane of the mother cell. The possible role of epichromatin in <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182013000504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,23]],"date-time":"2013-05-23T18:00:21Z","timestamp":1369332021000},"page":"1104-1110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Epichromatin is conserved in <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> and labels the exterior parasite chromatin throughout the cell cycle"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"LAURA","family":"VANAGAS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MARIA C.","family":"DALMASSO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JEAN F.","family":"DUBREMETZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ENRIQUE L.","family":"PORTIANSKY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DONALD E.","family":"OLINS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SERGIO O.","family":"ANGEL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182013000504_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/nucl.13655"},{"key":"S0031182013000504_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.07.017"},{"key":"S0031182013000504_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.1150080203"},{"key":"S0031182013000504_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2005.05.031"},{"key":"S0031182013000504_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2011.01592.x"},{"key":"S0031182013000504_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.01-06-0309"},{"key":"S0031182013000504_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.64.3.607-623.2000"},{"key":"S0031182013000504_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2006.03.005"},{"key":"S0031182013000504_ref6","first-page":"2086","article-title":"Canonical and variant histones of protozoan parasites","volume":"17","author":"Dalmasso","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioscience"},{"key":"S0031182013000504_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032671"},{"key":"S0031182013000504_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.21.012704.133518"},{"key":"S0031182013000504_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000754"},{"key":"S0031182013000504_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.12.012"},{"key":"S0031182013000504_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012302"},{"key":"S0031182013000504_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/nucl.19662"},{"key":"S0031182013000504_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030078"},{"key":"S0031182013000504_ref9","volume-title":"The Model Apicomplexan: Perspectives and Methods","author":"Ferguson","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182013000504","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T20:35:29Z","timestamp":1556051729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182013000504\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,23]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182013000504"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182013000504","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2013\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}