{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:51:48Z","timestamp":1790790708567,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]],"date-time":"2013-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375833600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>We counted the numbers of pupae of two ectoparasitic flies (<jats:italic>Protocalliphora<\/jats:italic>sp. and<jats:italic>Ornithomyia<\/jats:italic>sp.) in the nests of a passerine bird, the pied flycatcher (<jats:italic>Ficedula hypoleuca<\/jats:italic>) to find out if their prevalence or intensity are affected by long-term environmental pollution by a copper smelter and whether such an interaction would have impacts on birds' breeding success. Fecal metal concentrations of<jats:italic>F. hypoleuca<\/jats:italic>nestlings were used to explore direct association between metal levels and parasite prevalence, but we also included other explanatory factors in our analysis, such as timing of breeding, brood size, ambient temperature, habitat quality and host population density. We found that environmental pollution decreased the prevalence of<jats:italic>Protocalliphora<\/jats:italic>via changed habitat quality but did not affect the prevalence of<jats:italic>Ornithomyia<\/jats:italic>. The prevalence of neither ectoparasite was, however, directly related to ambient metal levels. Both ectoparasites showed higher prevalence when ambient temperature during the nestling period was high, emphasizing the potential of climate change to modify host\u2013parasite relationships. The prevalence of<jats:italic>Ornithomyia<\/jats:italic>was further highest in dense<jats:italic>F. hypoleuca<\/jats:italic>populations and late broods. Nestling survival decreased with increasing infestation intensity of<jats:italic>Ornithomyia<\/jats:italic>while no association was found for<jats:italic>Protocalliphora<\/jats:italic>. Despite relatively low numbers and overall weak effect of parasites on survival, the possible delayed and\/or sublethal effects of these ectoparasites call for further studies. Our results suggest that pollution-related effects on avian ectoparasite numbers are species-specific and reflect habitat changes rather than direct toxic effect of heavy metals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182013000796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]],"date-time":"2013-08-07T08:29:50Z","timestamp":1375864190000},"page":"1384-1393","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Variation in prevalence and intensity of two avian ectoparasites in a polluted area"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"TAPIO","family":"EEVA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TERO","family":"KLEMOLA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z04-111"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref26","first-page":"979","volume-title":"Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR","author":"Grunin","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.1996.tb00161.x"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11184-005-0080-4"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2009.03.002"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3161\/000164510X516047"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref2","first-page":"80","article-title":"A collection of Ornithomyia spp. (Dipt., Hippoboscidae) from Oxfordshire","volume":"95","author":"Ash","year":"1959","journal-title":"Entomologists\u2019 Monthly Magazine"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3276603"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arn083"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref16","first-page":"236","article-title":"Effects of air pollution on the breeding of pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca and great tit Parus major","volume":"135","author":"Eeva","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal f\u00fcr Ornithologie"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00063657.2010.493581"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref31","unstructured":"Kalliola R. (1973). Suomen kasvimaantiede. WSOY."},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3547043"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(00)00150-0"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002440010138"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref56","unstructured":"SAS (2008). SAS\/STAT \u00ae 9.2 User's Guide. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC."},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref43","first-page":"230","article-title":"The occurrence of Hippoboscid flies on some species of birds in Southern California","volume":"55","author":"McClure","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Field Ornithology"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2390508"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.1814"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3897\/asp.65.e31670","article-title":"DNA Taxonomy: how many DNA sequences are needed for solving a taxonomic problem? The case of two parapatric species of louse flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae: Ornithomya Latreille, 1802)","volume":"62","author":"Petersen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z92-295"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2311.1995.tb00427.x"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/bio.2011.61.5.6"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1934"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z91-286"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003003640"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60309-7"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0046-225X-34.3.563"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10336-007-0259-5"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z94-085"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-005-0145-x"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2001.tb00208.x"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.1821"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2012.03.004"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref25","first-page":"560","article-title":"Effects of parasitic flies (Protocalliphora spp.) on nestling mountain and chestnut-backed chickadees","volume":"95","author":"Gold","year":"1983","journal-title":"Wilson Bulletin"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2009.05890.x"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2009.17606.x"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-2467-1"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2007.04.002"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref40","first-page":"261","article-title":"A revised checklist and concise host index of Hippoboscidae (Diptera)","volume":"20","author":"Maa","year":"1969","journal-title":"Pacific Insects Monographs (Honolulu: Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii)"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2010.0046"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-43.2.167"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z97-233"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3545730"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3800604"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref51","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Bird-Parasite Interactions \u2013 Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour","author":"Rogers","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1897\/1551-5028(2003)022<1140:BPOGTP>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198548935.001.0001","volume-title":"Host\u2013Parasite Evolution, General Principles and Avian Models","author":"Clayton","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref57","first-page":"157","article-title":"Prevalence of louse-flies Diptera, Hippoboscidae parasiting a cardueline finch and its effect on body condition","volume":"82","author":"Senar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ardea"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14214\/sf.497"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2010.01.005"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.05.019"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.46311"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref22","first-page":"379","volume-title":"Air Pollution and Plant Life","author":"Fl\u00fcckiger","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2011.07.001"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref59","first-page":"131","article-title":"Contribution to the knowledge of louse flies of Croatia (Diptera: Hippoboscidae)","volume":"14","author":"Trilar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Natura Croatica"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref37","volume-title":"Bird\u2013Parasite Interactions: Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour","author":"Loye","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1997)078[1120:PRVIFS]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2009.02035.x"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref38","volume-title":"The Pied Flycatcher","author":"Lundberg","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z05-076"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z06-079"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(01)02144-9"},{"key":"S0031182013000796_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004273498","volume-title":"Blowflies (Diptera, Calliphoridae) of Fennoscandia and Denmark","author":"Rognes","year":"1991"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182013000796","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T04:00:54Z","timestamp":1715832054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182013000796\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182013000796"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182013000796","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]]}}}