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The most effective extract was further chemically scrutinized to isolate and identify the source of the bioactivity, and the efficacy of this compound was compared with ivermectin. Eosin exclusion (0\u00b71\u00a0mg\u00a0mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) served as the indicator of mortality in all bioassays. A crude extract of<jats:italic>Eryngium foetidum<\/jats:italic>(Apiaceae) was significantly (Probit Analysis,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b705) more potent than the other plant extracts, taking 18\u00b79\u00a0h to kill 50% (LT<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) of the larvae. Further, the petrol extract of<jats:italic>E. foetidum<\/jats:italic>was significantly more effective (Probit Analysis,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b705) at killing the larvae (LT<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>, 4\u00b77\u00a0h) than either its methanol\u2013water or dichloromethane extract. The latter two effected less than 1% larval mortality after 120\u00a0h. With bioassay-driven column chromatography of the petrol extract,<jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>-2-dodecenal (eryngial) was identified and chemically isolated as the main anthelmintic compound in<jats:italic>E. foetidum<\/jats:italic>. There was a significant difference between the 24\u00a0h LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>values (m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) of<jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>-2-dodecenal (0\u00b7461) and ivermectin (2\u00b7251) but there was none between the 48\u00a0h LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>values (m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>):<jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>-2-dodecenal (0\u00b7411) and ivermectin (0\u00b7499)<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003118201300156x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,21]],"date-time":"2013-10-21T09:45:33Z","timestamp":1382348733000},"page":"269-278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Eryngial (<i>trans<\/i>-2-dodecenal), a bioactive compound from<i>Eryngium foetidum<\/i>: its identification, chemical isolation, characterization and comparison with ivermectin<i>in vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"W. 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