{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T22:50:59Z","timestamp":1788043859823,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,5]],"date-time":"2014-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393977600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>We determined cytokines (e.g. interleukin-8, 10, 12 and TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in rectal mucosa in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS) with<jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>spp. Eighty patients with D-IBS and<jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>spp. infection were classified as \u2018cases\u2019 and 80 with D-IBS without<jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>spp. infection were classified as \u2018control\u2019. Cases were subdivided into D-IBS and<jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>sp. defined type 1 (subtype-specific primer SB83) and type 3 (SB227). Stool microscopy and culture were performed. Rectal biopsies were obtained for histology and cytokines by real-time PCR for mRNA expression of cytokines. PBMCs IL-8 was similar in different groups but in type 1, IL-8mRNA was increased compared with type 3 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7001) and control (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7001). In type 1, IL-10 by PBMCs had a low mean value (14\u00b75\u00b11\u00b76) compared with (16\u00b77\u00b11\u00b75) type 3 and (16\u00b12\u00b73) in controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001 and<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001, respectively). In<jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>sp. type 1, low IL-10 was associated with lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7015 and<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7002, respectively). In<jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>sp. type 1 and type 3, IL-12 was associated with goblet cell depletion 23 (85%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0\u00b7001) and 8 (29%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7037), respectively. In<jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>sp. type 1, low IL-10 was associated with a proinflammatory response characterized by IL-8.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003118201300173x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,5]],"date-time":"2014-03-05T13:30:17Z","timestamp":1394026217000},"page":"957-969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Cytokine changes in colonic mucosa associated with<i>Blastocystis<\/i>spp. subtypes 1 and 3 in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"JAVED","family":"YAKOOB","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ZAIGHAM","family":"ABBAS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MUHAMMAD 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