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Although the disease, which is caused by infestation of<jats:italic>Sarcoptes scabiei<\/jats:italic>, is generally mild, the need for a vaccine against<jats:italic>S. scabiei<\/jats:italic>is proposed. The immunological mechanisms that control<jats:italic>S. scabiei<\/jats:italic>infection are discussed and the current status of scabies vaccine development reviewed. 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