{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T03:45:31Z","timestamp":1790480731954,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]],"date-time":"2014-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395360000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bird-specific ticks do not infest humans and livestock, but these ticks often share their avian hosts with generalist ticks that do. Therefore, their feeding activity may have an impact on the transmission of pathogens outside bird\u2013tick transmission cycles. Here we examined the seasonal feeding activity of the tree-hole tick (<jats:italic>Ixodes arboricola<\/jats:italic>) in relation to the activity of its hole-breeding hosts (<jats:italic>Parus major<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cyanistes caeruleus<\/jats:italic>). We analysed data on ticks derived from birds, on the abundance of engorged ticks inside nest boxes, and on bird nests that were experimentally exposed to ticks. We observed a non-random pattern of feeding associated with the tick instar and host age. The majority of adult ticks fed on nestlings, while nymphs and larvae fed on both free-flying birds and nestlings. Due to their fast development, some ticks were able to feed twice within the same breeding season. The highest infestation rates in free-flying birds were found during the pre-breeding period and during autumn and winter when birds roost inside cavities. Except during winter, feeding of <jats:italic>I. arboricola<\/jats:italic> overlapped in time with the generalist <jats:italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic>, implying that tick-borne microorganisms that are maintained by <jats:italic>I. arboricola<\/jats:italic> and birds could be bridged by <jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic> to other hosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182014000225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]],"date-time":"2014-03-21T10:33:42Z","timestamp":1395398022000},"page":"1044-1051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Seasonal feeding activity of the tree-hole tick, <i>Ixodes arboricola<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"D. J. A.","family":"HEYLEN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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Parasite-host interactions between ticks and hole-breeding songbirds. 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(1999). Experimentelle Infektion der Vogelzecke Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) arboricola mit Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. PhD dissertation, Hannover."},{"key":"S0031182014000225_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0702-9"},{"key":"S0031182014000225_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991582"},{"key":"S0031182014000225_ref27","first-page":"453","volume-title":"Acarology IX","volume":"1","author":"Liebisch","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182014000225","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,21]],"date-time":"2019-04-21T22:50:36Z","timestamp":1555887036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182014000225\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182014000225"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182014000225","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2014\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}