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Comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the three most commonly used regulation systems: the tetracycline inducible system, the regulation of protein stability and site-specific recombination are discussed. Using some previously described examples we explore some of the pitfalls involved in gene-function analysis using these systems that can lead to wrong or over-interpretation of phenotypes. We will also mention different options to standardize the application of these techniques for the characterization of gene function in high-throughput.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182014000559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,13]],"date-time":"2014-06-13T07:00:17Z","timestamp":1402642817000},"page":"1390-1398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Advantages and disadvantages of conditional systems for characterization of essential genes in <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"141","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2695-0947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ELENA","family":"JIM\u00c9NEZ-RUIZ","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ELEANOR H.","family":"WONG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GURMAN 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