{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:56:41Z","timestamp":1791219401110,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]],"date-time":"2014-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402876800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The potential of various quantitative lateral flow (LF) based assays utilizing up-converting phosphor (UCP) reporters for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis is reviewed including recent developments. Active infections are demonstrated by screening for the presence of regurgitated worm antigens (genus specific polysaccharides), whereas anti-\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibodies may indicate ongoing as well as past infections. The circulating anodic antigen (CAA) in serum or urine (and potentially also saliva) is identified as the marker that may allow detection of single-worm infections. Quantitation of antigen levels is a reliable method to study effects of drug administration, worm burden and anti-fecundity mechanisms. Moreover, the ratio of CAA and circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) is postulated to facilitate identification of either\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections. The UCP-LF assays allow simultaneous detection of multiple targets on a single strip, a valuable feature for antibody detection assays. Although antibody detection in endemic regions is not a useful tool to diagnose active infections, it gains potential when the ratio of different classes of antibody specific for the parasite\/disease can be determined. The UCP-LF antibody assay format allows this type of multiplexing, including testing a linear array of up to 20 different targets. Multiple test spots would allow detection of specific antibodies, e.g. against different\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    species or other pathogens as soil-transmitted helminths. Concluding, the different UCP-LF based assays for diagnosis of schistosomiasis provide a collection of tests with relatively low complexity and high sensitivity, covering the full range of diagnostics needed in control programmes for mapping, screening and monitoring.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182014000626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]],"date-time":"2014-06-16T14:17:23Z","timestamp":1402928243000},"page":"1841-1855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":192,"title":["Tools for diagnosis, monitoring and screening of\n                    <i>Schistosoma<\/i>\n                    infections utilizing lateral-flow based assays and upconverting phosphor labels"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"PAUL L. A. M.","family":"CORSTJENS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CLAUDIA J.","family":"DE DOOD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DIEUWKE","family":"KORNELIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ELISA M.","family":"TJON KON FAT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. ALAN","family":"WILSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"THOMAS M.","family":"KARIUKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RUTH K.","family":"NYAKUNDI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PHILIP T.","family":"LOVERDE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WILLIAM R.","family":"ABRAMS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HANS J.","family":"TANKE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LISETTE","family":"VAN LIESHOUT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ANDR\u00c9 M.","family":"DEELDER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GOVERT J.","family":"VAN DAM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1980.29.401"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1384.021"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref13","unstructured":"Corstjens P. L. , Kardos K. , Niedbala R. S. , Tanke H. J. , Zuiderwijk M. , Feindt H. H. , Mokkapati V. K. and Kimball J. A. (2010). Lateral flow assay device with multiple equidistant capture zones. United States Patent 7,858,396."},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3283780"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002054"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.01.004"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref64","first-page":"1460","article-title":"Non-invasive immunodiagnosis of Schistosomiasis japonica: the detection of specific antibodies in saliva","volume":"115","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(87)90127-X"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1384.016"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.5.1232"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01657-05"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90446-6"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2011.02930.x","article-title":"Response to: Accuracy of circulating cathodic antigen tests for rapid mapping of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium infections in Southern Sudan by RA Ashton et al. (2011) Tropical Medicine and International Health 16, pp. 1099\u20131103","volume":"17","author":"Deelder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and International Health"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4246","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V88.11.4246.bloodjournal88114246","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni excretory circulating cathodic antigen shares Lewis-x epitopes with a human granulocyte surface antigen and evokes host antibodies mediating complement-dependent lysis of granulocytes","volume":"88","author":"van Dam","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(98)90789-1"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761992000800023"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1998.2965"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(94)90040-X"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref6","first-page":"543294","article-title":"Development of a generic microfluidic device for simultaneous detection of antibodies and nucleic acids in oral fluids","volume":"2013","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref2","first-page":"69","article-title":"Evaluation of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) strip for diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis in Hassoba school children, Afar, Ethiopia","volume":"15","author":"Ayele","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasite \u2013 Journal de la Societe Francaise de Parasitologie"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.9.5526-5529.2004"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-29"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002109"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00600.x"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000064611"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66457-4"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-nbt:20045014"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002110"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref22","first-page":"36","article-title":"Immunodiagnosis of recently acquired Schistosoma mansoni infection \u2013 a comparison of various immunological techniques","volume":"33","author":"Deelder","year":"1981","journal-title":"Tropical and Geographical Medicine"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31510","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)31724-1","article-title":"The immunologically reactive part of immunopurified circulating anodic antigen from Schistosoma mansoni is a threonine-linked polysaccharide consisting of \u2192 6)-(beta-D-GlcpA-(1\u21923))-beta-D-GalpNAc-(1\u2192repeating units","volume":"269","author":"Bergwerff","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0639"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref8","first-page":"136","volume-title":"Salivary Diagnostics","author":"Corstjens","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/47.10.1885","article-title":"Use of up-converting phosphor reporters in lateral-flow assays to detect specific nucleic acid sequences: a rapid, sensitive DNA test to identify human papillomavirus type 16 infection","volume":"47","author":"Corstjens","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2011.06.983"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1989.41.563"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref24","first-page":"233","article-title":"Quantitative diagnosis of Schistosoma infections by measurement of circulating antigens in serum and urine","volume":"46","author":"Deelder","year":"1994","journal-title":"Tropical and Geographical Medicine"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000065045"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(11)60192-2"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2013.06.017"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12117"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2002.00494.x"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000571"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2008.01054.x"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2013.844066"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref68","volume-title":"Elimination of Schistosomiasis","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000951"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(93)90474-5"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.422","article-title":"Eosinophil cationic protein, soluble egg antigen, circulating anodic antigen, and egg excretion in male urogenital schistosomiasis","volume":"79","author":"Leutscher","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136485908X337490"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001815"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-7"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.11.004"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.06.007"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.12.5458-5461.2004"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000077386"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.5.1336"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.07.002"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-87"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref70","unstructured":"Zarling D. A. , Rossi M. J. , Peppers N. A. , Kane J. , Faris G. W. , Dyer M. J. , Ng S. Y. and Schneider L. V. (1997). Up-converting reporters for biological and other assays using laser excitation techniques. United States Patent 5,674,698."},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1994.00467.x","article-title":"The immunologically reactive O-linked polysaccharide chains derived from circulating cathodic antigen isolated from the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni have Lewis x as repeating unit","volume":"225","author":"van Dam","year":"1994","journal-title":"European Journal of Biochemistry"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00877-07"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000081531"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90326-2"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.08.018"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.220.193"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154407370501800104"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trt077"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90077-4"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136485908X278810"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.2001.5105"},{"key":"S0031182014000626_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-405914-6.00011-1"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182014000626","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T15:31:24Z","timestamp":1716823884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182014000626\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182014000626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182014000626","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.725849697.793510436","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2014\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}