{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T08:15:55Z","timestamp":1758269755254,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,4]],"date-time":"2014-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407110400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Strongyloides venezuelensis<\/jats:italic> is a parasitic nematode that infects rodents. Although <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> species described to date are known to exhibit parthenogenetic reproduction in the parasitic stage of their life cycle and sexual reproduction in the free-living stage, we did not observe any free-living males in <jats:italic>S. venezuelensis<\/jats:italic> in our strain, suggesting that the nematode is likely to depend on parthenogenetic reproduction. We confirmed by cytological analysis that <jats:italic>S. venezuelensis<\/jats:italic> produces eggs by parthenogenesis during the parasitic stage of its life cycle. Phylogenetic analysis using nearly the full length of 18S and D3 region of 28S ribosomal RNA gene suggested that <jats:italic>S. venezuelensis<\/jats:italic> is distantly related to another rodent parasite, namely <jats:italic>Strongyloides ratti<\/jats:italic>, but more closely related to a ruminant parasite, <jats:italic>Strongyloides papillosus<\/jats:italic>. Karyotype analysis revealed <jats:italic>S. venezuelensis<\/jats:italic> reproduces with mitotic parthenogenesis, and has the same number of chromosomes as <jats:italic>S. papillosus<\/jats:italic> (2<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04), but differs from <jats:italic>S. ratti<\/jats:italic> (2<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06) in this regard. These results, taken together, suggest that <jats:italic>S. venezuelensis<\/jats:italic> evolved its parasitism for rodents independently from <jats:italic>S. ratti<\/jats:italic> and, therefore, is likely to have a different reproductive strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182014001036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,4]],"date-time":"2014-08-04T09:53:09Z","timestamp":1407145989000},"page":"1736-1745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Karyotype and reproduction mode of the rodent parasite <i>Strongyloides venezuelensis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"141","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1453-6637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"AKINA","family":"HINO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"TERUHISA","family":"TANAKA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MAHO","family":"TAKAISHI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"YUMIKO","family":"FUJII","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JUAN E.","family":"PALOMARES-RIUS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KOICHI","family":"HASEGAWA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HARUHIKO","family":"MARUYAMA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"TAISEI","family":"KIKUCHI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182014001036_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0773-7"},{"key":"S0031182014001036_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(95)00014-S"},{"key":"S0031182014001036_ref3","first-page":"102","article-title":"Morphology, homogonic development, and lack of a free-living generation in Strongyloides robustus (Nematoda, Rhabditoidea), a parasite of North American sciurids","volume":"42","author":"Bartlett","year":"1995","journal-title":"Folia Parasitologica"},{"key":"S0031182014001036_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3279827"},{"key":"S0031182014001036_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00033940"},{"key":"S0031182014001036_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1996.0032"},{"key":"S0031182014001036_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00399433"},{"key":"S0031182014001036_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200700399X"},{"volume-title":"Pr\u00e9cis de Parasitologie","year":"1934","author":"Brumpt","key":"S0031182014001036_ref5"},{"key":"S0031182014001036_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-013-3591-0"},{"key":"S0031182014001036_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471250953.bi0604s00"},{"key":"S0031182014001036_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2008.02164.x"},{"key":"S0031182014001036_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(83)90058-4"},{"key":"S0031182014001036_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02198847"},{"key":"S0031182014001036_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.08.014"},{"key":"S0031182014001036_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3279660"},{"key":"S0031182014001036_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/17.8.754"},{"key":"S0031182014001036_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2007.00945.x"},{"key":"S0031182014001036_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-148"},{"key":"S0031182014001036_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/35040562","article-title":"Polarization of the anterior-posterior axis of C. elegans is a microtubule-directed process","volume":"408","author":"Wallenfang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"S0031182014001036_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(90)90174-L"},{"key":"S0031182014001036_ref2","first-page":"328","article-title":"Studies on the free-living generations of Strongyloides planiceps, 1943 II. 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