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Although the effective anthelmintic drug, praziquantel, is widely available and cheap, it does not protect against re-infection, drug-resistant schistosome may evolve and mass drug administration programmes based around praziquantel are probably unsustainable long term. Whereas protective anti-schistosome vaccines are not yet available, the zoonotic nature of <jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic> provides a novel approach for developing a transmission-blocking veterinary vaccine in domestic animals, especially bovines, which are major reservoir hosts, being responsible for up to 90% of environmental egg contamination in China and the Philippines. However, a greater knowledge of schistosome immunology is required to understand the processes associated with anti-schistosome protective immunity and to reinforce the rationale for vaccine development against schistosomiasis japonica. Importantly as well, improved diagnostic tests, with high specificity and sensitivity, which are simple, rapid and able to diagnose light <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> infections, are required to determine the extent of transmission interruption and the complete elimination of schistosomiasis following control efforts. This article discusses aspects of the host immune response in schistosomiasis, the current status of vaccine development against <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic> and reviews approaches for diagnosing and detecting schistosome infections in mammalian hosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182014001310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,31]],"date-time":"2014-10-31T06:17:02Z","timestamp":1414736222000},"page":"271-289","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Vaccines and diagnostics for zoonotic schistosomiasis japonica"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"HONG","family":"YOU","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DONALD P.","family":"MCMANUS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001579"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref28b","first-page":"1842","article-title":"Immune responses against Schistosoma japonicum after vaccinating mice with a multivalent DNA vaccine encoding integrated membrane protein Sj23 and cytokine interleukin-12","volume":"117","author":"Gan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.5.2585"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2012.06.002"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000073"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2003.10.019"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0141-9838.2004.00719.x"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.11.008"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.04.080"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013000917"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2004.01.002"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref10a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(99)00541-1"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12105"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2009.12.004"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1991.tb00545.x"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08160"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.12.017"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/504380"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref28a","first-page":"193","article-title":"Vaccination of mice with recombinant nucleic acid vaccine encoding the integral membrane protein Sj23 and cytokine IL-12 elicits specific immune responses against Schistosoma japonica","volume":"85","author":"Gan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref80a","first-page":"317","article-title":"Cloning and expressing of cyclophilin B gene from Schistosoma japonicum and the analysis of immunoprotective effect","volume":"26","author":"Peng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002701"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0141-9838.2004.00720.x"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762002000500022"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001800"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2007.10.004"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001778"},{"key":"S0031182014001310_ref8","first-page":"331","article-title":"Diagnosis of chronic schistosomiasis japonicum with the recombinant Sj26GST-Sj32 fusion protein by ELISA","volume":"42","author":"Cai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao. 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