{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T19:43:38Z","timestamp":1793475818467,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,12]],"date-time":"2014-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410480000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies incorporating the ecology of clinical and sub-clinical disease in wild populations of conservation concern are rare. Here we examine sub-clinical infection by<jats:italic>Trichomonas gallinae<\/jats:italic>in a declining population of free-living European Turtle Doves and suggest caseous lesions cause mortality in adults and nestlings through subsequent starvation and\/or suffocation. We found a 100% infection rate by<jats:italic>T. gallinae<\/jats:italic>in adult and nestling Turtle Doves (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a025) and observed clinical signs in three adults and four nestlings (28%). Adults with clinical signs displayed no differences in any skeletal measures of size but had a mean 3\u00b77% reduction in wing length, with no overlap compared to those without clinical signs. We also identified<jats:italic>T. gallinae<\/jats:italic>as the suggested cause of mortality in one Red-legged Partridge although disease presentation was different. A minimum of four strains of<jats:italic>T. gallinae<\/jats:italic>, characterized at the ITS\/5\u00b78S\/ITS2 ribosomal region, were isolated from Turtle Doves. However, all birds with clinical signs (Turtle Doves and the Red-legged Partridge) carried a single strain of<jats:italic>T. gallinae<\/jats:italic>, suggesting that parasite spill over between Columbidae and Galliformes is a possibility that should be further investigated. Overall, we highlight the importance of monitoring populations for sub-clinical infection rather than just clinical disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182014001474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,12]],"date-time":"2014-09-12T10:52:45Z","timestamp":1410519165000},"page":"490-498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["The protozoan parasite<i>Trichomonas gallinae<\/i>causes adult and nestling mortality in a declining population of European Turtle Doves,<i>Streptopelia turtur<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"JENNIFER E.","family":"STOCKDALE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JENNY C.","family":"DUNN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SIMON 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