{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T18:14:50Z","timestamp":1783016090228,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,11]],"date-time":"2014-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418256000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parasites that primarily infect white-tailed deer (<jats:italic>Odocoileus virginianus<\/jats:italic>), such as liver flukes (<jats:italic>Fascioloides magna<\/jats:italic>) and meningeal worm (<jats:italic>Parelaphostrongylus tenuis<\/jats:italic>), can cause morbidity and mortality when incidentally infecting moose (<jats:italic>Alces alces<\/jats:italic>). Ecological factors are expected to influence spatial variation in infection risk by affecting the survival of free-living life stages outside the host and the abundance of intermediate gastropod hosts. Here, we investigate how ecology influenced the fine-scale distribution of these parasites in deer in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota. Deer pellet groups (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0295) were sampled for the presence of <jats:italic>P. tenuis<\/jats:italic> larvae and <jats:italic>F. magna<\/jats:italic> eggs. We found that deer were significantly more likely to be infected with <jats:italic>P. tenuis<\/jats:italic> in habitats with less upland deciduous forest and more upland mixed conifer forest and shrub, a pattern that mirrored microhabitat differences in gastropod abundances. Deer were also more likely to be infected with <jats:italic>F. magna<\/jats:italic> in areas with more marshland, specifically rooted-floating aquatic marshes (RFAMs). The environment played a larger role than deer density in determining spatial patterns of infection for both parasites, highlighting the importance of considering ecological factors on all stages of a parasite's life cycle in order to understand its occurrence within the definitive host.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182014001802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,11]],"date-time":"2014-12-11T02:58:38Z","timestamp":1418266718000},"page":"706-718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Landscape influence on spatial patterns of meningeal worm and liver fluke infection in white-tailed deer"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"KIMBERLY L.","family":"VANDERWAAL","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"STEVE K.","family":"WINDELS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BRYCE T.","family":"OLSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. TREVOR","family":"VANNATTA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RON","family":"MOEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182014001802_ref67","article-title":"Necropsy findings in 62 opportunistically collected free-ranging moose (Alces alces) from Minnesota, USA (2003\u20132013)","author":"W\u00fcnschmann","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases"},{"key":"S0031182014001802_ref66","unstructured":"Windels S. K. (2014). Voyageurs National Park moose population survey report, Natural Resource Data Series NPS\/VOYA\/NRDS\u20142014\/645. 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