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Herein, we discuss how rapid advances in molecular immunology, sophisticated tools and molecular databases are facilitating in-depth exploration of the immunome. In our opinion, an immunomics-based approach presides over traditional antigen and vaccine discovery methods that have proved ineffective for highly complex pathogens such as the causative agents of malaria, tuberculosis and schistosomiasis that have evolved genetic and immunological host-parasite adaptations over time. By using an integrative multidisciplinary approach, immunomics offers enormous potential to advance 21<jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>century antigen discovery and rational vaccine design against complex pathogens such as the<jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>parasite.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182015001079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,14]],"date-time":"2016-01-14T15:43:30Z","timestamp":1452786210000},"page":"236-244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Immunomics: a 21st century approach to vaccine development for complex pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"143","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1418-0669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"KARINA P.","family":"DE SOUSA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DENISE 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