{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:46:38Z","timestamp":1791218798990,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,2]],"date-time":"2015-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449014400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>The modified agglutination test (MAT) is one of the most commonly used tests for the detection of antibodies to<jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>in animal and human sera. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the MAT and bioassay in free-range\/backyard (FR) chickens (<jats:italic>Gallus domesticus<\/jats:italic>). Previously-published<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>test results from 2066 chickens from 19 countries were compiled for the present study. The frequency of isolation of<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>increased for MAT titres between 1:5 and 1:160, and ranged from 61 to 75% for antibody titres of 1:160, 1:320, and \u2a7e1:640. Twenty-three cats fed pooled hearts from a total of 802 FR seronegative (MAT, &lt;1:5) chickens from several countries did not excrete oocysts, indicating a high negative predictive value of MAT because FR chickens would have been exposed to many microbes; cats are the most sensitive indicators of<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>infection in tissues and can excrete millions of oocysts after ingesting even a few bradyzoites. Of the 29 cats in this study, six cats, fed hearts pooled from 15\u2013122 FR chickens, excreted oocysts; but these identifications were likely related to misidentification or prozone. Results of the present study support the validity of MAT for the detection of<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>infection in chickens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182015001316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,2]],"date-time":"2015-12-02T10:03:05Z","timestamp":1449050585000},"page":"314-319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Validation of the modified agglutination test for the detection of<i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>in free-range chickens by using cat and mouse bioassay"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"J. 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