{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T21:37:32Z","timestamp":1782941852071,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autophagy process in<jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>plays a vital role in regulating parasite survival or death. Thus, once having an understanding of certain effects of autophagy on the transformation of tachyzoite to bradyzoite this will allow us to elucidate the function of autophagy during parasite development. Herein, we used three TgAtg proteins involved in Atg8 conjugation system, TgAtg3, TgAtg7 and TgAtg8 to evaluate the autophagy level in tachyzoite and bradyzoite of<jats:italic>Toxoplasma in vitro<\/jats:italic>based on Pru TgAtg7-HA transgenic strains. We showed that both TgAtg3 and TgAtg8 were expressed at a significantly lower level in bradyzoites than in tachyzoites. Importantly, the number of parasites containing fluorescence-labelled TgAtg8 puncta was significantly reduced in bradyzoites than in tachyzoites, suggesting that autophagy is downregulated in<jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>bradyzoite<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Moreover, after treatment with drugs, bradyzoite-specific gene BAG1 levels decreased significantly in rapamycin-treated bradyzoites and increased significantly in 3-MA-treated bradyzoites in comparison with control bradyzoites, indicating that<jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>autophagy is involved in the transformation of tachyzoite to bradyzoite<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Together, it is suggested that autophagy may serve as a potential strategy to regulate the transformation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182015001985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T11:19:50Z","timestamp":1456831190000},"page":"639-645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Induction of Autophagy interferes the tachyzoite to bradyzoite transformation of<i>Toxoplasma 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