{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T04:09:20Z","timestamp":1789877360188,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]],"date-time":"2016-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467244800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>In reproducing ewes, a periparturient breakdown of immunity is often observed to result in increased fecal egg excretion, making them the main source of infection for their immunologically naive lambs. In this study, we expanded a simulation model previously developed for growing lambs to explore the impact of the genotype (performance and resistance traits) and host nutrition on the performance and parasitism of both growing lambs and reproducing ewes naturally infected with<jats:italic>Teladorsagia circumcincta<\/jats:italic>. Our model accounted for nutrient-demanding phases, such as gestation and lactation, and included a supplementary module to manage the age structure of the ewe flock. The model was validated by comparison with published data. Because model parameters were unknown or poorly estimated, detailed sensitivity analysis of the model was performed for the sheep mortality and the level of infection, following a preliminary screening step. The parameters with the greatest effect on parasite-related outputs were those driving animal growth and milk yield. Our model enables different parasite-control strategies (host nutrition, breeding for resistance and anthelmintic treatments) to be assessed on the long term in a sheep flock. To optimize<jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>exploration, the parameters highlighted by the sensitivity analysis should be refined with real data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182016000871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]],"date-time":"2016-06-30T10:28:11Z","timestamp":1467282491000},"page":"1509-1531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Modelling gastrointestinal parasitism infection in a sheep flock over two reproductive seasons:<i>in silico<\/i>exploration and sensitivity analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"SACCAREAU","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. R.","family":"MORENO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"KYRIAZAKIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"FAIVRE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. C.","family":"BISHOP","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref48","unstructured":"Pujol G. , Iooss B. , Janon A. , Gilquin L. , Le Gratiet L. and Lema\u00eetre P. (2014). Sensitivity: Sensitivity Analysis. R package version 1.8-1."},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref4","unstructured":"Arranz J. M. (2012). Changements observ\u00e9s dans les prairies permanentes de l'extr\u00eame sud-ouest de la France et perspectives pour les syst\u00e8mes d\u2019\u00e9levages herbivores. Journ\u00e9es de l'Association Fran\u00e7aise pour la Production Fourrag\u00e8re, 3\u20134 avril 2012, Paris."},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00284-9"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19940188"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref28","volume-title":"Analyse de sensibilit\u00e9 et exploration de mod\u00e8les. Applications aux mod\u00e8les environnementaux","author":"Faivre","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.05.005"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(89)90047-7"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.06.025"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/216164a0"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref26","first-page":"181","volume-title":"A Quantitative Biology of the Pig","author":"Emmans","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref27","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Analyse de sensibilit\u00e9 et exploration de mod\u00e8les. Applications aux mod\u00e8les environnementaux","author":"Faivre","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2009.06.007"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref51","volume-title":"Sensitivity Analysis","author":"Saltelli","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182007002624"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1357729800058021"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2001114"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099006095"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AR9800821"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref55","first-page":"51","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying resistance to nematode infection","volume":"29","author":"Stear","year":"1999","journal-title":"Second International Conference Novel Approaches to the Control of the Helminth Parasites of Livestock"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1991.10484804"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref7","first-page":"463","article-title":"Influence of sex and reproductive status on susceptibility of ruminants to nematode parasitism","volume":"23","author":"Barger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Special Issue: Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Societies for Parasitology, 1992"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref3","volume-title":"The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0308-521X(83)90067-7"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref24","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Nutritional Requirements and Nutritional Theory","author":"Emmans","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref41","unstructured":"Laurenson Y. C. S. M. (2014). Evaluating the feasibility of developing a model to better manage nematode infections of sheep. Technical Report."},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4527"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1017\/S1357729800058781","article-title":"Describing and predicting potential growth in the pig","volume":"78","author":"Wellock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Animal Science: an International Journal of Fundamental and Applied Research"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600041782"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003356100007509","article-title":"Nutrient partitioning in Merino rams with different wool growth rates","volume":"59","author":"Cronj\u00e9","year":"1994","journal-title":"Animal Science"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1071\/AN14431","article-title":"Pathogen-induced anorexia: a herbivore strategy or an unavoidable consequence of infection?","volume":"54","author":"Kyriazakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Animal Production Science"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/animres:19630401"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref9","first-page":"48","article-title":"Genetics of disease resistance in sheep and goats","volume":"70","author":"Bishop","year":"2007","journal-title":"Special Issue: the Outlook of Quantitative and Molecular Genetics Applications in Improving Sheep and Goats"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref15","unstructured":"Carnell R. (2012). lhs: Latin Hypercube Samples. R package version 0.10."},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref1","volume-title":"Nutritive Requirements of Ruminant Animals: Energy","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref5","unstructured":"Arranz J. M. and Bocquier F. (1995). Production et valorisation hivernale de la prairie permanente par les brebis laiti\u00e8res en Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques. Proceedings of the Rencontres Recherche Ruminants, Paris, 2, 109\u2013112."},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref2","volume-title":"Energy and Protein Requirements of Ruminants. An Advisory Manual Prepared by the AFRC Technical Committee on Response to Nutrients","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1017\/S1357729800058768","article-title":"Effects of food quality on growth and carcass composition in lambs of two breeds and their cross","volume":"78","author":"Lewis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Animal Science"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0698"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.03.039"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref62","unstructured":"Wang J. , Monod H. , Faivre R. and Richard H. (2014). Package \u201cmtk\u201d: Mexico ToolKit library (MTK). R package version 1.0."},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1357729800016088"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref20","first-page":"241","article-title":"Exploring the assumptions underlying genetic variation in host nematode resistance","volume":"40","author":"Doeschl-Wilson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genetics Selection Evolution"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(97)00061-4"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182007002570"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182006000503"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2008.00992.x"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.05.014"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref34","volume-title":"Alimentation des bovins, ovins et caprins","year":"2007"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200400678X"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511001371"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/2006.8461552x"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077996"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2009162141"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcg029"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4829"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0308-521X(82)90020-8"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS200059"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1357729800015319"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref58","first-page":"343","article-title":"Environmental effects on animal production: the nutritional demands of nematode parasite exposure in sheep","volume":"13","author":"Sykes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1017\/S1357729800058999","article-title":"Modelling the effects of thermal environment and dietary composition on pig performance: model logic and concepts","volume":"77","author":"Wellock","year":"2003","journal-title":"Animal Science"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref6","unstructured":"Astruc J.-M. , Barillet F. and Lagriffoul G. (2013). Report of the annual meeting of the Comit\u00e9 National Brebis Laiti\u00e8re, Toulouse, 16\u201317 octobre 2013."},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1996.0357"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00019-3"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref19","first-page":"373","article-title":"Gastrointestinal nematodes infection of primiparous and multiparous ewe in different reproductive stages","volume":"2","author":"de Almeida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances"},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref8","unstructured":"Barillet F. , Astruc J.-M. , Lagriffoul G. , Aguerre X. and Bona\u00efti B. (2008). Selecting milk composition and mastitis resistance by using a part lactation sampling design in French Manech red faced dairy sheep breed. Proceedings of International Comittee for Animal Recording, Niagara, 16\u201320 juin 2008."},{"key":"S0031182016000871_ref49","unstructured":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (2014). R Core Team, Vienna, Austria."}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182016000871","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T12:48:21Z","timestamp":1568119701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182016000871\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182016000871"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182016000871","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2016\u00a0This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}