{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T08:42:11Z","timestamp":1765960931261},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]],"date-time":"2016-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469059200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Paragonimus westermani<\/jats:italic> is one of the most medically important lung flukes and is widely distributed in Asia. It exhibits considerable variation in morphological, genetic and biological features. In central provinces of Vietnam, a high prevalence of metacercariae of this species has been reported from the crab intermediate host, <jats:italic>Vietopotamon aluoiense<\/jats:italic>. In this study, we detected <jats:italic>P. westermani<\/jats:italic> metacercariae in two additional crab hosts, <jats:italic>Donopotamon haii<\/jats:italic> in Quang Tri Province, central Vietnam and <jats:italic>Indochinamon tannanti<\/jats:italic> in Yen Bai Province in the north. The latter is a new locality for <jats:italic>P. westermani<\/jats:italic> in a northern region of Vietnam where <jats:italic>P. heterotremus<\/jats:italic> is the only species currently known to cause human paragonimiasis. <jats:italic>Paragonimus westermani<\/jats:italic> metacercariae found in Vietnam showed considerable morphological variation but slight genetic variation based on DNA sequences from the nuclear ribosomal ITS2 region and the mitochondrial 16S gene. Co-infection of the same individual crabs with <jats:italic>P. westermani<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. heterotremus<\/jats:italic> and\/or some other <jats:italic>Paragonimus<\/jats:italic> species was found frequently, suggesting potential for co-infection in humans. The findings of the present study emphasize the need for highly specific molecular and immunodiagnostic methods to differentially diagnose between <jats:italic>P. westermani<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. heterotremus<\/jats:italic> infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182016001219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]],"date-time":"2016-07-21T03:57:30Z","timestamp":1469073450000},"page":"1639-1646","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Molecular and morphological variation of <i>Paragonimus westermani<\/i> in Vietnam with records of new second intermediate crab hosts and a new locality in a northern province"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"N. PHAM","family":"DOANH","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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