{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T20:56:12Z","timestamp":1760043372207},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476230400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Famous for the discovery of the parasite, <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>, named after him, and the invention of Leishman's stain, William Boog Leishman should perhaps be better known for his work in military and public health, particularly the prevention of typhoid. Leishman was a Medical Officer in the British Army from 1887 until his death in 1926. His early research was on diseases affecting troops posted to stations within the British Empire. He saw cases of Leishmaniasis while stationed in India, and was able to identify the causative organism from his detailed records of his observations. Leishman's most important contribution to public health, however, was his work with typhoid, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the army. Leishman planned experiments and the collection of data to demonstrate the efficacy of anti-typhoid inoculation and, using his considerable political skills, advocated the adoption of the vaccine. He planned for the inoculation of troops in an emergency so, when war broke out in 1914, the vaccine was available to save thousands of lives. Leishman's colleagues and mentors included Ronald Ross and Almroth Wright. Leishman was less outspoken than either Ross or Wright; this paper shows how the different contributions of the three men overlapped.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182016001657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]],"date-time":"2016-10-14T16:57:44Z","timestamp":1476464264000},"page":"1582-1589","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["William Boog Leishman: parasitologist and politician"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"H. M.","family":"VINCENT","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.2038.122"},{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)54802-3"},{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref18","unstructured":"Siler J. F. and Lambie J. S. (1928). The Medical Department of the United States Army in the World War, Vol IX, pp. 15\u201360. Eds. Lynch, C., Weed, F.W. and McAfee, L., Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, Washington, DC."},{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref16","unstructured":"Ross R. (1899). Report on the Nature of Kala-Azar. Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India."},{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref15","unstructured":"Panmure F. (1855). Letter of Instructions to Dr Lyons. In \u2018On the Pathology of the Diseases of the Army in the East\u2019, HMSO, 1856."},{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400002606"},{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enteric fevers in the British expeditionary force","volume":"37","author":"Leishman","year":"1921","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps"},{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref9","first-page":"567","article-title":"A critical review of Kala Azar and Tropical Sore","volume":"17","author":"Leishman","year":"1911","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps"},{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.2213.1252"},{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref3","first-page":"735","article-title":"Memorandum on the treatment of the bacterial infections of projectile wounds","volume":"1","author":"Burghard","year":"1915","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.1920.1117"},{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.1883.256"},{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref12","first-page":"401","article-title":"Research in the medical services","volume":"45","author":"Leishman","year":"1925","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps"},{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.2237.1261"},{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3414.1013","article-title":"Lieut.-General Sir William Leishman, Kt., K. C. B., K. C. M. G., M. B., F. R. C. P., F. R. S., L. L.D., K. H. P., Director-General, Army Medical Service","volume":"1","author":"Balfour","year":"1926","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.2125.757"},{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref10","first-page":"369","article-title":"The value of antityphoid vaccination. An appeal by the war office to the profession","volume":"2","author":"Leishman","year":"1914","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.2098.635"},{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref13","first-page":"642","article-title":"Discussion on the Leishman-Donovan Body","volume":"2","author":"Leishman","year":"1904","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.11.030"},{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.2288.1243","article-title":"Report on certain enteric fever inoculation statistics","volume":"2","author":"Simpson","year":"1904","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0031182016001657_ref4","first-page":"21","article-title":"On the presence of peculiar parasitic organisms in the tissue of a specimen of Delhi boil","author":"Cunningham","year":"1885","journal-title":"Scientific Memoirs Officers Medical Sanitary Departments Government India"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182016001657","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]],"date-time":"2019-04-16T18:57:17Z","timestamp":1555441037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182016001657\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182016001657"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182016001657","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2016\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}