{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T12:46:28Z","timestamp":1780058788428,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,8]],"date-time":"2016-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481155200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dr David Livingstone died on May 1st 1873. He was 60 years old and had spent much of the previous 30 years walking across large stretches of Southern Africa, exploring the terrain he hoped could provide new environments in which Europeans and Africans could cohabit on equal terms and bring prosperity to a part of the world he saw ravaged by the slave trade. Just days before he died, he wrote in his journal about the permanent stream of blood that he was emitting related to haemorrhoids and the acute intestinal pain that had left him incapable of walking. What actually killed Livingstone is unknown, yet the years spent exploring sub-Saharan Africa undoubtedly exposed him to a gamut of parasitic and other infectious diseases. Some of these we can be certain of. He wrote prolifically and described his encounters with malaria, relapsing fevers, parasitic helminths and more. His graphic writing allows us to explore his own encounters with tropical diseases and how European visitors to Africa considered them at this time. This paper outlines Livingstone's life and his contributions to understanding parasitic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003118201600202x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,8]],"date-time":"2016-12-08T10:42:42Z","timestamp":1481193762000},"page":"1652-1662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Inside Doctor Livingstone: a Scottish icon's encounter with tropical disease"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"MICHAEL P.","family":"BARRETT","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FEDERICA","family":"GIORDANI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002772"},{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref29","volume-title":"Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambesi and its Tributaries: and of the Discovery of the Lakes Shirwa and Nyassa, 1858\u20131864","author":"Livingstone","year":"1865"},{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5040\/9780755625031","volume-title":"Zambesi: David Livingstone and Expeditionary Science in Africa","author":"Dritsas","year":"2010"},{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref31","first-page":"189","volume-title":"Imperialism and the Natural World","author":"MacKenzie","year":"1990"},{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref9","volume-title":"Looking for Mrs Livingstone","author":"Davidson","year":"2012"},{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.95.437"},{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230377547"},{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref32","volume-title":"The Life and Work of Sir Patrick Manson","author":"Manson-Bahr","year":"1927"},{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihw022"},{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref34","volume-title":"Medical History of the Expedition to the Niger during the Years 1841\u20132, Comprising an Account of the Fever Which Led to Its Abrupt Termination","author":"McWilliam","year":"1843"},{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref17","first-page":"69","volume-title":"David Livingstone: Man, Myth and Legacy","author":"Harrison","year":"2013"},{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref39","volume-title":"David Livingstone: The Dark Interior","author":"Ransford","year":"1978"},{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.s4-1.70.360-a"},{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/1841102a0"},{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref2","first-page":"274","volume-title":"Narrative of an Exploring Voyage up the Rivers Kw\u00f3ra and B\u00ednue (Commonly Known as the Niger and Ts\u00e1dda) in 1854","author":"Baikie","year":"1856"},{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref3","unstructured":"Barrett M. P. , Innes E. A. and Cox F. E. G. (2006). The Scottish Encounter with Tropical Disease. https:\/\/issuu.com\/jennapollock\/docs\/the_scottish_encounter_with_tropical_disease_2012_?backgroundColor="},{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096777209400200312"},{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref5","volume-title":"The Wellcome Trust Illustrated History of Tropical Diseases","author":"Cox","year":"1996"},{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.4.595-612.2002"},{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2015.07.001"},{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200999093X"},{"key":"S003118201600202X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.82303","volume-title":"On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for 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\u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2016\u00a0This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}