{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:34:00Z","timestamp":1790249640818,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484006400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Trichinella spiralis<\/jats:italic>is a parasitic helminth that can infect almost all mammals, including humans.<jats:italic>Trichinella spiralis<\/jats:italic>infection elicits a typical type 2 immune responses, while suppresses type 1 immune responses, which is in favour of their parasitism. DNA vaccines have been shown to be capable of eliciting balanced CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell responses as well as humoral immune responses in small-animal models, which will be advantage to induce protective immune response against helminth infection. In this study, serine protease (Ts-NBLsp) was encoded by a cDNA fragment of new-born<jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>larvae, and was inserted after CMV promoter to construct a DNA vaccine [pcDNA3\u00b71(+)-Ts-NBLsp]. Ts-NBLsp expression was demonstrated by immunofluorescence. Sera samples were obtained from vaccinated mice, and they showed strong anti-Ts-NBLsp-specific IgG response. Mice immunized with the pcDNA3\u00b71(+)-Ts-NBLsp DNA vaccine showed a 77\u00b793% reduction in muscle larvae (ML) following challenge with<jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>ML. Our results demonstrate that the vaccination with pcDNA3\u00b71(+)-Ts-NBLsp plasmid promoted the balance of type 1 and 2 immune responses and produced a significant protection against<jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>infection in mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182016002493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T08:54:04Z","timestamp":1484038444000},"page":"712-719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Immune responses in mice vaccinated with a DNA vaccine expressing serine protease-like protein from the new-born larval stage of<i>Trichinella spiralis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"JING","family":"XU","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"XUE","family":"BAI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LI BO","family":"WANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HAI NING","family":"SHI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JOKE W. 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