{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T04:38:20Z","timestamp":1784003900156,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]],"date-time":"2017-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485734400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared the relevance of ibuprofen, vitamins C and E to control oxidative\/nitrosative stress and heart disease in mice infected by<jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>. Swiss mice were randomized into five groups: control, uninfected; infected without treatment; and infected treated with vitamins C, E or ibuprofen. Animals were inoculated with 2000 trypomastigote forms of<jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic>. After 20 days, infected mice presented reduced vitamin C and E tissue levels, high cytokines (interferon gamma, tumour necrosis factor-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>, interleukin 10 and chemokine ligand 2), prostaglandin F2<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>(PGF<jats:sub>2<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>) and nitric oxide (NO) cardiac production, intense myocarditis and reactive tissue damage, which was directly correlated with the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate and the degree of pathological cardiac remodelling. Vitamins C and E supplementation were irrelevant to counteract reactive tissue damage and myocarditis in infected animals. Conversely, ibuprofen reduced tissue levels of cytokines, PGF<jats:sub>2<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>and NO, as well as lipid and protein oxidation, antioxidant enzyme activity and the cardiac damage, without interfering with heart parasitism. Our results do not support the applicability of vitamin C and E supplementation in the management of acute Chagas cardiomyopathy. By controlling the inflammatory infiltrate, anti-inflammatory-based therapy proved to be a more rational strategy than a direct antioxidant therapy in attenuating oxidative\/nitrosative stress and cardiac damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182016002675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]],"date-time":"2017-01-30T13:00:04Z","timestamp":1485781204000},"page":"904-916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory is more effective than anti-oxidant therapy in counteracting oxidative\/nitrosative stress and heart disease in<i>T. cruzi<\/i>-infected mice"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"R\u00d4MULO D.","family":"NOVAES","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ELIZI\u00c1RIA C.","family":"SANTOS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MARIA DO CARMO Q.","family":"FIALHO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WAGNER G.","family":"GON\u00c7ALVES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PRISCILA L.","family":"SEQUETTO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ANDR\u00c9","family":"TALVANI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"REGGIANI V.","family":"GON\u00c7ALVES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2004.05.007"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652012000600006"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(90)86141-H"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12107"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.12.009"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(78)52032-6"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00343-16"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.053"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1410150"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2005.08.003"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12451"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002173"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/23948"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.11.118"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.fjc.0000137164.99487.42"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)42083-8","article-title":"Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation","volume":"249","author":"Habig","year":"1974","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001498"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref20","first-page":"409","article-title":"The effect of reactive oxygen species on the synthesis of prostanoids from arachidonic acid","volume":"64","author":"Korbecki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.03.021"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2006.07.054"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref37","first-page":"165","article-title":"Gene expression related to oxidative stress in the heart of mice after intestinal ischemia","volume":"102","author":"Somaio Neto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2012.12.001"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref18","first-page":"145","article-title":"Review: Free radicals, antioxidants, and the immune system","volume":"30","author":"Knight","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000539"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0066-782X2012005000015"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.060475"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.02.030"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.207449"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M009630200"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.5.1588"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2011.00781.x"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2016.06.021"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000302"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0001-37652003000400006"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref41a","unstructured":"WHO, World Health Organization. (2016). Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis). Updated March 2016. http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs340\/en\/"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref29a","unstructured":"NIH, National Institutes of Health. (2016). Vitamin E, Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. Updated: November 2016. https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/VitaminE-HealthProfessional\/"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2012.04.008"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.08.008"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref6","first-page":"304","article-title":"Carvedilol enhances the antioxidant effect of vitamins E and C in chronic Chagas heart disease","volume":"101","author":"Budni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822012000100010"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/190354"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.624296"},{"key":"S0031182016002675_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.16.e12-i"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182016002675","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]],"date-time":"2022-07-23T00:58:36Z","timestamp":1658537916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182016002675\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182016002675"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182016002675","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2017\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}