{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:29:52Z","timestamp":1790573392930,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":209,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]],"date-time":"2017-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488240000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Sarcocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Hammondia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and\n                    <jats:italic>Besnoitia besnoiti<\/jats:italic>\n                    are genetically related cyst-forming coccidia. Serology is frequently used for the identification of\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii, Neospora<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and\n                    <jats:italic>B. besnoiti<\/jats:italic>\n                    -exposed individuals. Serologic cross-reactions occur in different tests among animals infected with\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>H. hammondi,<\/jats:italic>\n                    as well as among animals infected by\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Infections caused by\n                    <jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>N. hughesi<\/jats:italic>\n                    are almost indistinguishable by serology.\n                    <jats:italic>Neospora caninum, B. besnoiti<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Sarcocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. infections in cattle show some degree of serologic cross-reactivity. Antibody cross-reactivity between\n                    <jats:italic>Neospora<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and\n                    <jats:italic>H. heydorni<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected animals is suspected, but not proven to occur. We review serologic cross-reactivity among animals and\/or humans infected with\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii, Neospora<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Sarcocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Hammondia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and\n                    <jats:italic>B. besnoiti<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Emphasis is laid upon antigens and serological methods for\n                    <jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                    diagnosis which were tested for cross-reactivity with related protozoa. Species-specific antigens, as well as stage-specific proteins have been identified in some of these parasites and have promising use for diagnosis and epidemiological surveys.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182017000063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]],"date-time":"2017-02-28T04:54:16Z","timestamp":1488257656000},"page":"851-868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Importance of serological cross-reactivity among\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii, Hammondia<\/i>\n                    spp.,\n                    <i>Neospora<\/i>\n                    spp.,\n                    <i>Sarcocystis<\/i>\n                    spp. and\n                    <i>Besnoitia besnoiti<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"LU\u00cdS F. 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