{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:04:23Z","timestamp":1790427863251,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]],"date-time":"2017-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490572800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Widespread access to the internet is offering new possibilities for data collection in surveillance. We explore, in this study, the possibility of using an electronic tool to monitor occurrence of the tick vector of Lyme disease,\n                    <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The study aimed to compare the capacity for ticks to be identified in web-based submissions of digital images\/photographs, to the traditional specimen-based identification method used by the provincial public health laboratory in Quebec, Canada. Forty-one veterinary clinics participated in the study by submitting digital images of ticks collected from pets\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    a website for image-based identification by an entomologist. The tick specimens were then sent to the provincial public health laboratory to be identified by the \u2018gold standard\u2019 method using a microscope. Of the images submitted online, 74\u00b73% (284\/382) were considered of high-enough quality to allow identification. The laboratory identified 382 tick specimens from seven different species, with\n                    <jats:italic>I. scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    representing 76% of the total submissions. Of the 284 ticks suitable for image-based species identification, 276 (97\u00b72%) were correctly identified (Kappa statistic of 0\u00b792,\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 15\u00b746,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0\u00b7001). This study demonstrates that image-based tick identification may be an accurate and useful method of detecting ticks for surveillance when images are of suitable quality.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182017000117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]],"date-time":"2017-03-27T05:37:46Z","timestamp":1490593066000},"page":"877-883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Evaluating the submission of digital images as a method of surveillance for\n                    <i>Ixodes scapularis<\/i>\n                    ticks"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"J. K.","family":"KOFFI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"SAVAGE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"THIVIERGE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. R.","family":"LINDSAY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"BOUCHARD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"PELCAT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. H.","family":"OGDEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182017000117_ref26","first-page":"360","article-title":"Understanding interobserver agreement: the kappa statistic 1","volume":"37","author":"Viera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Family 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larval ixodid ticks of the eastern United States","volume":"2","author":"Clifford","year":"1961","journal-title":"Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America"},{"key":"S0031182017000117_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-195"},{"key":"S0031182017000117_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2011.03.005"},{"key":"S0031182017000117_ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surveillance for Lyme Disease \u2013 United States, 1992\u20132006","volume":"57","author":"Bacon","year":"2008","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ."},{"key":"S0031182017000117_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/43.3.600"},{"key":"S0031182017000117_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v40i05a01","article-title":"Environmental risk from Lyme disease in central and eastern Canada: a summary of recent surveillance information","volume":"40","author":"Ogden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Canada Communicable Disease Report"},{"key":"S0031182017000117_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-004-0139-x"},{"key":"S0031182017000117_ref25","volume-title":"Surveillance for Lyme Disease in Canada","year":"2016"},{"key":"S0031182017000117_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2008.0022"},{"key":"S0031182017000117_ref5","first-page":"693","article-title":"The increasing risk of Lyme disease in Canada","volume":"56","author":"Bouchard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"S0031182017000117_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v41i06a03","article-title":"Surveillance for Lyme disease in Canada, 2009\u20132012","volume":"41","author":"Ogden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Canada Communicable Disease 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2014","author":"Adam-Poupart","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182017000117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,17]],"date-time":"2019-04-17T18:12:51Z","timestamp":1555524771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182017000117\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182017000117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182017000117","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2017\u00a0This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}