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Here we examine the relationship between prevalence and diversity of<jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>lineages in southeastern Amazonia and: (1) host ecological traits (nest location, nest type, flocking behaviour and diet); (2) density and diversity of avian hosts; (3) abundance and diversity of mosquitoes; and (4) season. We used molecular methods to detect<jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>in blood samples from 675 individual birds of 120 species. Based on cytochrome<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>sequences, we recovered 89 lineages of<jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>from 136 infected individuals sampled across seven localities.<jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>prevalence was homogeneous over time (dry season and flooding season) and space, but heterogeneous among 51 avian host species. Variation in prevalence among bird species was not explained by avian ecological traits, density of avian hosts, or mosquito abundance. However,<jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>lineage diversity was positively correlated with mosquito abundance. Interestingly, our results suggest that avian host traits are less important determinants of<jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>prevalence and diversity in southeastern Amazonia than in other regions in which they have been investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003118201700035x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]],"date-time":"2017-03-27T09:35:37Z","timestamp":1490607337000},"page":"1117-1132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Avian malaria, ecological host traits and mosquito abundance in southeastern Amazonia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"ALAN","family":"FECCHIO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"VINCENZO A.","family":"ELLIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JEFFREY A.","family":"BELL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHRISTIAN B.","family":"ANDRETTI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FERNANDO M.","family":"D'HORTA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ALLAN M.","family":"SILVA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"VASYL V.","family":"TKACH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JASON D.","family":"WECKSTEIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S003118201700035X_ref72","unstructured":"Thomas L. , Laake J. 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