{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T23:36:06Z","timestamp":1789947366649,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]],"date-time":"2017-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496707200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis), result from a disruption of the host\u2013oral microbiome homoeostasis. Whereas the pathological role of some specific bacterial strains during periodontal diseases is well documented, the impact of parasites in periodontium pathophysiology is still under debate. This review aims to collect data about the prevalence and the potential role of<jats:italic>Trichomonas tenax<\/jats:italic>during periodontal diseases. Data from 47 studies revealed that<jats:italic>T. tenax<\/jats:italic>prevalence in diseased periodontium ranged from 0 to 94\u00b71%. The prevalence of oral protozoan infections was found to be largely greater in patients with periodontal diseases than with healthy periodontium. The parasite detection was mainly performed by direct microscopy.<jats:italic>Trichomonas tenax<\/jats:italic>presence was clearly correlated with periodontal disease. The high heterogeneity of its periodontal prevalence may be correlated with the diversity of the population screened (age, sex, systemic diseases), and the methods used for diagnosis. This protozoan seems to have the capacity to be involved in the inflammatory process of gum disease. Animal experimentation, using relevant physiopathological models of periodontitis, needs to be performed to investigate the ability of<jats:italic>T. tenax<\/jats:italic>to cause and\/or worsen the disease. Further investigations using standardized experimental designs of epidemiologic studies are also needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182017000701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]],"date-time":"2017-06-06T07:16:55Z","timestamp":1496733415000},"page":"1417-1425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["<i>Trichomonas tenax<\/i>and periodontal diseases: a concise review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"MATHIEU","family":"MARTY","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MATHIEU","family":"LEMAITRE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PHILIPPE","family":"K\u00c9MOUN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JEAN-JACQUES","family":"MORRIER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PAUL","family":"MONSARRAT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182017000701_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.4.11.1951-1958.2005"},{"key":"S0031182017000701_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.01.018"},{"key":"S0031182017000701_ref89","first-page":"359","article-title":"Entamoeba gingivalis y Trichomonas tenax: hallazgo en poblaciones humanas con y sin patolog\u00eda bucal","volume":"33","author":"Zdero","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica Latinoamericana Incorporada"},{"key":"S0031182017000701_ref46","first-page":"245","article-title":"Value of WHO recommendations for the assessment of oral health in patients with diagnosed Trichomonas tenax invasion","volume":"36","author":"Kurnatowska","year":"1990","journal-title":"Wiadomosci Parazytologiczne"},{"key":"S0031182017000701_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12390"},{"key":"S0031182017000701_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ajcem.v5i1.7355"},{"key":"S0031182017000701_ref19","first-page":"177","article-title":"Occurrence of oral subclinical infections in insulin treated diabetics","volume":"50","author":"Chomicz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Wiadomosci Parazytologiczne"},{"key":"S0031182017000701_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652001000400014"},{"key":"S0031182017000701_ref18","first-page":"27","article-title":"Oral protozoans and diabetes: study in 117 patients","volume":"7","author":"Cambon","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal De Biologie Buccale"},{"key":"S0031182017000701_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.136"},{"key":"S0031182017000701_ref74","first-page":"41","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of fibronectin-like protein on the cell surface of the oral flagelatte Trichomonas tenax","volume":"11","author":"Ribaux","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal De Biologie Buccale"},{"key":"S0031182017000701_ref38","unstructured":"Giazzi J. 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