{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T21:42:53Z","timestamp":1772660573838,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,15]],"date-time":"2017-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510704000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunoactivation depends upon the antigen potential to modulate T-cell repertoires. The present study has enumerated the effect of 61 kDa recombinant<jats:italic>Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic>co-factor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase (r<jats:italic>Ld<\/jats:italic>-iPGAM) on mononuclear cells of healthy and treated visceral leishmaniasis subjects as well as on THP-1 cell line. r<jats:italic>Ld<\/jats:italic>-iPGAM stimulation induced higher expression of interleukin-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>(IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>) in the phagocytic cell, its receptor and CD69 on T-cell subsets. These cellular activations resulted in upregulation of host-protective cytokines IL-2, IL-12, IL-17, tumour necrosis factor-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>and interferon-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>, and downregulation of IL-4, IL-10 and tumour growth factor-<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>. This immune polarization was also evidenced by upregulation of nuclear factor-<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>light-chain enhancer of activated B cells p50 and regulated expression of suppressor of mother against decapentaplegic protein-4. r<jats:italic>Ld<\/jats:italic>-iPGAM stimulation also promoted lymphocyte proliferation and boosted the leishmaniacidal activity of macrophages by upregulating reactive oxygen species. It also induced 1\u00b78-fold higher release of nitric oxide (NO) by promoting the transcription of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. Besides,<jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>analysis suggested the presence of major histocompatibility complex class I and II restricted epitopes, which can proficiently trigger CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells, respectively. This study reports r<jats:italic>Ld<\/jats:italic>-iPGAM as an effective immunoprophylactic agent, which can be used in future vaccine design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182017001494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,15]],"date-time":"2017-11-15T13:32:08Z","timestamp":1510752728000},"page":"292-306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Co-factor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase of<i>Leishmania donovani<\/i>modulates macrophage signalling and promotes T-cell repertoires bearing epitopes for both MHC-I and MHC-II"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"MANISH K.","family":"SINGH","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"FAUZIA","family":"JAMAL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"AMIT K.","family":"DUBEY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"PUSHKAR","family":"SHIVAM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SARITA","family":"KUMARI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"PUSHPANJALI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GHUFRAN","family":"AHMED","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MANAS R.","family":"DIKHIT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"NARAYAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V. 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