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This study explores the epidemiological background to a severe rumen fluke outbreak in 6-month-old heifers on a dairy farm in Ireland. Sequence analysis of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1) gene of the rumen fluke metacercariae on pasture failed to identify predominant, possibly pathogenic subtypes. However, estimates of metacercarial load indicated that the animals were exposed to a daily dose of about 5334<jats:italic>C. daubneyi<\/jats:italic>metacercariae for a period of 3 weeks resulting in the build-up of very large numbers of immature worms in the small intestine. It is hypothesized that specific environmental conditions may favour this parasite over its competitor, the liver fluke,<jats:italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic>, possibly by allowing it to emerge earlier. The possibility that<jats:italic>C. daubneyi<\/jats:italic>may be better adapted to the Irish climate than<jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>together with the fact that selective treatment against<jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>effectively frees the niche for<jats:italic>C. daubneyi<\/jats:italic>, may result in the gradual replacement of<jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>by<jats:italic>C. daubneyi<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182017002086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]],"date-time":"2017-11-16T10:53:34Z","timestamp":1510829614000},"page":"948-952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Epidemiological investigation of a severe rumen fluke outbreak on an Irish dairy 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