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Chemotherapy remains the treatment of choice. Single dose of liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) and multidrug therapy (LAmB + miltefosine, LAmB + paromomycin (PM), or miltefosine + PM) are recommended treatment regimen for treatment of VL in Indian sub-continent. Combination therapy of pentavalent antimonials (Sb\n                    <jats:sup>v<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and PM in East Africa and LAmB in the Mediterranean region\/South America remains the treatment of choice. Various drugs having anti-leishmania properties are in preclinical phase and need further development. An effective treatment and secondary prophylaxis of HIV-VL co-infection should be developed to decrease treatment failure and drug resistance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182017002116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T10:52:34Z","timestamp":1512643954000},"page":"481-489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Chemotherapeutics of visceral leishmaniasis: present and future developments"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9988-582X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SHYAM","family":"SUNDAR","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ANUP","family":"SINGH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182017002116_ref98","unstructured":"Update of DNDi's leishmaniasis R&D pipeline 2017. 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