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To assess the most sensitive and specific diagnostic method, feces and blood from 100 shelter dogs were screened for<jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic>by coprological, molecular and serological tests. Thirty-six dogs (36%) scored positive to<jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic>by coprology (22.3% to Baermann) and\/or 30% to real time-polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR). According to two composite reference standards (CRS) based on all coprological methods and rt-PCR (first CRS) or in combination with serology (second CRS), the most sensitive test was IFAT (93.8%; CI 82.8\u201398.7), followed by rt-PCR (80.6%; 95% CI 64\u201391.8) and Baermann (60.6%; 95% CI 42.1\u201377.1). The inconsistent shedding of L1 during the 4-week follow-up in infected dogs suggests the importance of multiple faecal collections for a reliable diagnosis. A combination of serological and coprological tests is recommended for the surveillance and diagnosis of<jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic>infection in dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182018001312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]],"date-time":"2018-07-30T09:15:07Z","timestamp":1532942107000},"page":"246-252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Occurrence, diagnosis and follow-up of canine strongyloidiosis in naturally infected shelter dogs"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Roberta","family":"Iatta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0108-6822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dora","family":"Buonfrate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Paradies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Alfonsa","family":"Cavalera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Capogna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Iarussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1459-9117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"\u0160lapeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Giorli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Trerotoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeno","family":"Bisoffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7518-476X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Otranto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182018001312_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002214"},{"key":"S0031182018001312_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.12.001"},{"key":"S0031182018001312_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2014.03.007"},{"key":"S0031182018001312_ref33","unstructured":"R Core Team (2017) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. 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