{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:47:59Z","timestamp":1790214479925,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,12]],"date-time":"2018-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536710400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic> is responsible for the most common non-viral, sexually transmitted infection, human trichomoniasis, and is associated with an increased susceptibility to HIV. An escalation in resistance (2.5\u201310%) to the clinical drug, metronidazole (MTZ), has been detected and this compound also has adverse side-effects. Therefore, new treatment options are urgently required. Herein, we investigate the possible anti-<jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic> activity of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione) and its metal complexes, [Ag(phendione)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>]ClO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and [Cu(phendione)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>](ClO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u00b74H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic> ATCC 30236 and three fresh clinical isolates and mammalian cells were performed using serial dilution generating IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> and CC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values. Drugs combinations with MTZ were evaluated by chequerboard assay. A strong anti-<jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic> activity was found for all test compounds. IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values obtained for [Cu(phendione)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>](ClO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u00b74H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O were similar or lower than those obtained for MTZ. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> assays with normal cells showed low cytotoxicity and [Cu(phendione)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>](ClO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u00b74H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O presented a high selectivity index (SI) for fibroblasts (SI = 11.39) and erythrocytes (SI &gt; 57.47). Chequerboard assay demonstrated that the combination of [Cu(phendione)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>](ClO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u00b74H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O with MTZ leads to synergistic interaction, which suggests distinct mechanisms of action of the copper\u2013phendione complex and avoiding the MTZ resistance pathways. Our results highlight the importance of phendione-based drugs as potential molecules of pharmaceutical interest.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003118201800152x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,12]],"date-time":"2018-09-12T05:05:10Z","timestamp":1536728710000},"page":"1179-1183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Anti-<i>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/i> activity of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione-based metallodrugs and synergistic effect with metronidazole"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Graziela","family":"Vargas Rigo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Petro-Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Devereux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malachy","family":"McCann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Luis","family":"Souza dos 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