{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:17:15Z","timestamp":1790745435279,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,9]],"date-time":"2018-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541721600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Varroa destructor<\/jats:italic>\n                    mites (Acari: Varroidae) are harmful ectoparasites of\n                    <jats:italic>Apis mellifera<\/jats:italic>\n                    honey bees. Female foundresses of wax-capped pupal host cells and their daughters feed on host fluids from open wounds on the host's integument. Details of\n                    <jats:italic>V. destructor<\/jats:italic>\n                    mite nutrition are forthcoming, and little is known about the potential physical effects on hosts from mite feeding. Chemical analysis of waste excretions can infer details of animals\u2019 nutrition. Here, chemical analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS\/MS) of mite excretions showed that the purine content of\n                    <jats:italic>V. destructor<\/jats:italic>\n                    waste consists of guanine with traces of hypoxanthine. Traces of uric acid and caffeine were also detected. Concentrations of guanine attenuated over time and excretions collected from senescing mites did not contain detectable guanine. Non-reproducing individual female mites maintained\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , housed in gelatin capsules and provided a honey bee pupa, deposited an average of nearly 18 excretions daily, mostly on the host's integument rather than on the capsule wall. The weight and volume of excretions suggest mites can consume nearly a microlitre of host fluids each day. Compounded over 10 days, this together with open wounds, could lead to substantial water loss and stress to developing pupae.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182018001762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,9]],"date-time":"2018-11-09T01:38:42Z","timestamp":1541727522000},"page":"527-532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Insights into the metabolism and behaviour of\n                    <i>Varroa destructor<\/i>\n                    mites from analysis of their waste excretions"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Francisco","family":"Posada-Florez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Sonenshine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noble I.","family":"Egekwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Lupitskyy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4927-1402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven C.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13907"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref33","first-page":"206","volume-title":"Biology of Ticks","author":"Sonenshine","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-012-9579-0"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-013-9754-y"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-018-0236-0"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927618006773"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2009.07.016"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01200414"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref16","first-page":"43","article-title":"The activity of nineteen hydrolases in extracts from Varroa destructor and in hemolymph of Apis mellifera carnica worker bees","volume":"53","author":"Fraczek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Apicultural Science"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2018.02.005"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01647950308683652"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.1998.97154.x","article-title":"The potential consequences of pollinator declines on the conservation of biodiversity and stability of food crop yields","volume":"12","author":"Allen-Wardell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Conservation Biology"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref9","first-page":"21","article-title":"Composition of fatty acids in the Varroa destructor mites and their hosts, Apis mellifera drone-prepupae","volume":"61","author":"Dmitryjuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annals of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1993.tb02397.x"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-016-0776-y"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501860102"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013554517148","article-title":"Evidence of an assembly pheromone in the black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis","volume":"28","author":"Allan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical Ecology"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006456720416"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref4","first-page":"380","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Insects","author":"Bradley","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-009-9266-y"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref7","volume-title":"The COLOSS BEEBOOK, Volume II: Standard Methods for Apis mellifera Pest and Pathogen Research","volume":"52","author":"Dietemann","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01202877"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01046"},{"key":"S0031182018001762_ref14","first-page":"76","article-title":"Mite excreta. 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