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Therefore, there is an urgent requirement of therapeutics which can augment the immune status of the host to cure this disease. In the current investigation, the antileishmanial potential of lupeol was monitored <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> in inbred BALB\/c mice against <jats:italic>Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic>. Lupeol showed potent antipromastigote activity <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> arresting parasites at sub G<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\/G<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> phase <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Lupeol significantly decreased the splenic parasite burden by inducing strong delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in contrary to untreated infected animals. The therapeutic efficacy of lupeol was observed to be similar to the reference drug, AmB. Treatment of infected animals with lupeol depicted enhanced levels of T cells and Th1 cytokines in contrast to only infected controls. Further lupeol treatment upregulated the levels of nuclear factor <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic> B and nitric oxide synthase genes and elevated the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. Unlike AmB, lupeol-treated infected animals did not show any toxicity. These findings are promising and indicate that lupeol can serve as a prototype drug for the cure of VL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182019000659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]],"date-time":"2019-05-20T04:11:33Z","timestamp":1558325493000},"page":"1440-1450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Lupeol induces immunity and protective efficacy in a murine model against visceral 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