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In this study we examine how the ovipositing behaviour of a cactiphilic fruit fly,<jats:italic>Drosophila nigrospiracula<\/jats:italic>, is affected by the presence of an ectoparasitic mite,<jats:italic>Macrocheles subbadius<\/jats:italic>, in conjunction with other environmental factors \u2013 specifically the presence or absence of conspecific eggs and host plant tissue. We hypothesized that the trade-off between site quality and parasite avoidance should favour ovipositing at mite-free sites even if it is of inferior quality. We found that although flies avoided mites in homogeneous environments (86% of eggs at mite-free sites), site quality overwhelmed mite avoidance. Both conspecific eggs (65% of eggs at infested sites with other<jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>eggs) and host plant tissue (78% of eggs at infested sites with cactus) overpowered mite avoidance. Our results elucidate the context-dependent decision-making of hosts in response to the presence of parasites in variable environments, and suggest how the ecology of fear and associated trade-offs may influence the relative investment in anti-parasite behaviour in susceptible hosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182019000854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]],"date-time":"2019-06-25T12:30:30Z","timestamp":1561465830000},"page":"1564-1570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Ecology of fear: environment-dependent parasite avoidance among ovipositing<i>Drosophila<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Monika K.","family":"Mierzejewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6384-4193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Collin 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