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Trichomonas' DNA contains unmethylated CpG motifs (CpGDNA) that in other microorganisms act as modulators of the immune response. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for CpGDNA immune modulation are still unclear. As macrophages participate in the first line of defense against infection, we investigated the type of immune response of murine macrophages to<jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>DNA (<jats:italic>Tv<\/jats:italic>DNA). We observed high expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12p40 in macrophages stimulated with<jats:italic>Tv<\/jats:italic>DNA. In contrast, the anti-inflammatory response, assessed by IL-10 and IL-13 mRNA expression was delayed. This suggests that the immune response induced by<jats:italic>Tv<\/jats:italic>DNA is modulated through cytokine production, mediated partly by NADPH-oxidase activity, as<jats:italic>Tv<\/jats:italic>DNA induced reactive species of oxygen production and a rounded morphology in macrophages indicative of an M1 phenotype. Furthermore, infected mice pretreated with<jats:italic>Tv<\/jats:italic>DNA displayed persistent vulvar inflammation and decreased parasite viability consistent with higher proinflammatory cytokine levels during infection compared to untreated mice. Overall, our findings suggest that<jats:italic>Tv<\/jats:italic>DNA pretreatment modulates the immune response favouring parasite elimination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182019001094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T05:39:22Z","timestamp":1565242762000},"page":"1636-1645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reduced<i>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/i>viability in mice pretreated with parasite DNA"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Marco Antonio","family":"Barajas-Mendiola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura 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