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At least 54 countries have documented <jats:italic>C. cayetanensis<\/jats:italic> infections and 13 of them have recorded cyclosporiasis outbreaks. <jats:italic>Cyclospora cayetanensis<\/jats:italic> infections are commonly reported in developing countries with low-socioeconomic levels or in endemic areas, although large outbreaks have also been documented in developed countries. The overall <jats:italic>C. cayetanensis<\/jats:italic> prevalence in humans worldwide is 3.55%. Among susceptible populations, the highest prevalence has been documented in immunocompetent individuals with diarrhea. Infections are markedly seasonal, occurring in the rainy season or summer. <jats:italic>Cyclospora cayetanensis<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Cyclospora<\/jats:italic>-like organisms have also been detected in food, water, soil and some other animals. Detection methods based on oocyst morphology, staining and molecular testing have been developed. Treatment with trimethoprim\u2013sulfamethoxazole (TMP\u2013SMX) effectively cures <jats:italic>C. cayetanensis<\/jats:italic> infection, whereas ciprofloxacin is less effective than TMP\u2013SMX, but is suitable for patients who cannot tolerate co-trimoxazole. Here, we review the biological characteristics, clinical features, epidemiology, detection methods and treatment of <jats:italic>C. cayetanensis<\/jats:italic> in humans, and assess some risk factors for infection with this pathogen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182019001471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T04:15:33Z","timestamp":1573186533000},"page":"160-170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["<i>Cyclospora cayetanensis<\/i> infection in humans: biological characteristics, clinical features, epidemiology, detection method and 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