{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:10:18Z","timestamp":1790518218231,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574035200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and genotyping of <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> in Iranian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients using multilocus-nested polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (Mn-PCR-RFLP). A total of 102 serum samples obtained from infected patients were collected from the laboratory centres in northern Iran. Anti-<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> antibodies and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) detection were accomplished by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PCR. The Mn-PCR-RFLP method was used for the genotyping of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>. Overall, 68.6% (70\/102) and 11.7% (12\/102) of the individuals were tested positive for anti-<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> immunoglobulin G and <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> DNA, respectively. Complete genotyping was performed on 10\/12 (83.3%) PCR-positive samples. Accordingly, the samples were classified as genotype #1 (type II clonal; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3, 30%), genotype #2 (type III clonal; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2, 20%), genotype #10 (type I clonal; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2, 20%), genotype #27 (type I variant; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1, 10%), genotype #35 (type I variant; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1, 10%) and genotype #48 (type III variant; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1, 10%). The results were indicative of the high frequency of the type I and type I variant of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> strains in HIV-positive patients in northern Iran. Given the high prevalence of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> and frequency of pathogenic types (pathogen in laboratory mice) in the patients, special measures should be taken to prevent the possible increased incidence of encephalitis by <jats:italic>T. gondii.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182019001598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]],"date-time":"2019-11-15T07:55:04Z","timestamp":1573804504000},"page":"322-328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Genetic characterization of <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> in Iranian HIV positive patients using multilocus nested-PCR-RFLP method"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Seyed Abdollah","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahabeddin","family":"Sarvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeid","family":"Abediankenari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Bagher","family":"Hashemi-Soteh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afsaneh","family":"Amouei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahboobeh","family":"Montazeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sargis 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