{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T10:19:33Z","timestamp":1770545973596,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578441600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonotic parasitic diseases caused by a cestode parasite known as <jats:italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/jats:italic>. The parasite has a wildlife cycle with definitive hosts (foxes) and small mammals as intermediate hosts (rodents) while humans are the accidental hosts. Parasite infection pressure relation to time of the year and age dependent infection pressure for parasite abundance also depend on the urbanization. The aim of current work is forecasting the thresholds <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> the computational analysis of the disease spread which is a useful approach since it can help to design the experimental settings with better planning and efficiency. Network analysis when interlinked with the computational techniques provides better insight into the spatial and temporal heterogeneities. In the present study, a mathematical framework that describes the transmission dynamics and control measures of <jats:italic>E. multilocularis<\/jats:italic> in foxes is documented. We used treatment of foxes with baits for the prevention of the <jats:italic>E. multilocularis<\/jats:italic> infection. A novel approach of networking, called Petri net (PN), based on density dependent differential equations, is utilized during this research. The accurate description of the transmission of the parasite and the effect of drug on it is provided to the readers in this article. The transitions, which are difficult to analyse theoretically, are presented with the aid of the discrete approach of networking. A discrete mathematical framework can prove to be an accurate and robust tool to analyse and control the parasite dynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182019001720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T11:41:50Z","timestamp":1575373310000},"page":"376-381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A mathematical modelling approach for treatment and control of <i>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Aisha","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0382-3569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haroon","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Sohail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3567-326X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sami","family":"Simsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182019001720_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3850\/978-981-11-2724-3_0536-cd"},{"key":"S0031182019001720_ref16","first-page":"1950030","article-title":"Inference of biomedical data sets using Bayesian machine learning","volume":"31","author":"Sohail","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications"},{"key":"S0031182019001720_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0520-0"},{"key":"S0031182019001720_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbx150"},{"key":"S0031182019001720_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1410.080522"},{"key":"S0031182019001720_ref4","first-page":"669","volume-title":"Oxford Textbook of Zoonoses Biology, Clinical Practice, and Public Health Control","author":"Eckert","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0031182019001720_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/354520a0"},{"key":"S0031182019001720_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(95)80030-1"},{"key":"S0031182019001720_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2005124339"},{"key":"S0031182019001720_ref8","first-page":"215","volume-title":"International School on Formal Methods for the Design of Computer, Communication and Software Systems","author":"Heiner","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0031182019001720_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.1.107-135.2004"},{"key":"S0031182019001720_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-001-1081-2"},{"key":"S0031182019001720_ref1","first-page":"1277","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Echinococcus species in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","volume":"43","author":"Ali","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Scientiae Veterinariae"},{"key":"S0031182019001720_ref12","first-page":"324","article-title":"Effect of farmers\u2019 socioeconomic characteristics on access to agricultural information: empirical evidence from Pakistan","volume":"23","author":"Rehman","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182019001720","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T14:23:46Z","timestamp":1584541426000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182019001720\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182019001720"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182019001720","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2019","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}