{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:18:49Z","timestamp":1761581929356,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ascarid parasites infect a variety of hosts and regular anthelmintic treatment is recommended for all species. <jats:italic>Parascaris<\/jats:italic> spp. is the only ascarid species with widespread anthelmintic resistance, which allows for the study of resistance mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to establish an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> drug exposure protocol for adult anthelmintic-na\u00efve <jats:italic>Parascaris<\/jats:italic> spp. and report a preliminary transcriptomic analysis in response to drug exposure. Live worms were harvested from foal necropsies and maintained in RPMI-1640 at 37 \u00b0C. Serial dilutions of oxibendazole (OBZ) and ivermectin (IVM) were prepared for <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> drug exposure, and worm viability was monitored over time. In a second drug trial, worms were used for transcriptomic analysis. The final drug concentrations employed were OBZ at 40.1 <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> (10 <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and IVM at 1.1 <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> (1 <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>g mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) for 24 and 3 h, respectively. The RNA-seq analysis revealed numerous differentially expressed genes, with some being potentially related to drug detoxification and regulatory mechanisms. This report provides a method for <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> drug exposure and the phenotypic responses for <jats:italic>Parascaris<\/jats:italic> spp., which could be extrapolated to other ascarid parasites. Finally, it also provides preliminary transcriptomic data following drug exposure as a reference point for future studies of <jats:italic>Parascaris<\/jats:italic> spp.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182020000189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T08:42:34Z","timestamp":1581496954000},"page":"659-666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Ascarids exposed: a method for <i>in vitro<\/i> drug exposure and gene expression analysis of anthelmintic na\u00efve <i>Parascaris<\/i> spp"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"147","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9309-9879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. A.","family":"Scare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Dini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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