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Of 17 records of human case-reports, particularly from Khuzestan province (5 cases),<jats:italic>Dirofilaria repens<\/jats:italic>was the most detected parasite (10 cases) with higher involvement of the right eye (7 cases) than other organs. Eleven animal species were reported to be parasitised by filarioids in Iran. The prevalence of<jats:italic>Dirofilaria immitis<\/jats:italic>in canids was 14.69% (95% CI: 10.33\u201319.67), with highest rates (20.92%; 95% CI: 13.84\u201329.03) in free-ranging dogs. Male (10.07%; 95% CI: 5.10\u201316.47) and more than 1-year old (20.77%; 95% CI: 8.66\u201336.42) dogs were more likely to be found infected. The frequency of other filarioids of zoonotic interest was:<jats:italic>Acanthocheilonema reconditum<\/jats:italic>in dogs 2.15% (95% CI: 0.71\u20134.33),<jats:italic>Dipetalonema evansi<\/jats:italic>in camels 10.16% (95% CI: 4.73\u201317.34),<jats:italic>Onchocerca cervicalis<\/jats:italic>in horses 3.63% (95% CI: 1.44\u20136.75%) and<jats:italic>Onchocerca fasciata<\/jats:italic>16.57% (95% CI: 10.12\u201324.24%) in camels. Still, our knowledge on parasitic filariae in Iran is limited and more investigation is needed in both human and animal populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003118202000058x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T10:37:55Z","timestamp":1586169475000},"page":"909-921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Filarial worms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diversity in animals from Iran with emphasis on human cases"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Ezatollah","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadegh","family":"Shamsinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Taghipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davood","family":"Anvari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Bahadory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyyed Ali","family":"Shariatzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahareh","family":"Kordi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5568-1366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamidreza","family":"Majidiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4706-4995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan","family":"Borji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MohammadReza","family":"Chaechi Nosrati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Yousefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morteza","family":"Shams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S003118202000058X_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.2.366"},{"key":"S003118202000058X_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2010.04.009"},{"key":"S003118202000058X_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60586-7"},{"key":"S003118202000058X_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X0896079X"},{"key":"S003118202000058X_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6436130"},{"key":"S003118202000058X_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-68"},{"key":"S003118202000058X_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00012-12"},{"key":"S003118202000058X_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v73i3.573"},{"key":"S003118202000058X_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4896-y"},{"key":"S003118202000058X_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2017024"},{"key":"S003118202000058X_ref83","first-page":"210","article-title":"Unusual location of dirofilaria immitis in A 5-year-old boy's hydrocele: a case report","volume":"20","author":"Salahi-Moghadam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hormozgan Medical Journal"},{"key":"S003118202000058X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555817381.ch144","volume-title":"Manual of Clinical Microbiology","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2015"},{"key":"S003118202000058X_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12541"},{"key":"S003118202000058X_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.05.017"},{"key":"S003118202000058X_ref72","first-page":"203","article-title":"Four cases of human filariosis due to Setaria labiatopapillosa found in Bucharest, Romania","volume":"58","author":"Panaitescu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Roumanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"S003118202000058X_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1705.100916"},{"key":"S003118202000058X_ref63","first-page":"370","article-title":"Zoonotic nematodes of wild carnivores","volume":"9","author":"Otranto","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife"},{"key":"S003118202000058X_ref79","first-page":"715","article-title":"A new species of Nematode, Onchocerca lupi n. sp., from Canis lupus cubanensis. 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