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Due to effective control programs implemented in the last two decades, the number of reported cases has fallen to a historically low level. Although fewer than 977 cases were reported in 2018 in endemic countries, HAT is still a public health problem in endemic regions until it is completely eliminated. In addition, almost 150 confirmed HAT cases were reported in non-endemic countries in the last three decades. The majority of non-endemic HAT cases were reported in Europe, USA and South Africa, due to historical alliances, economic links or geographic proximity to disease-endemic countries. Furthermore, with the implementation of the \u2018Belt and Road\u2019 project, sporadic imported HAT cases have been reported in China as a warning sign of tropical diseases prevention. In this paper, we explore and interpret the data on HAT incidence and find no positive correlation between the number of HAT cases from endemic and non-endemic countries. This data will provide useful information for better understanding the imported cases of HAT globally in the post-elimination phase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182020000645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]],"date-time":"2020-04-27T11:24:54Z","timestamp":1587986694000},"page":"922-931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Human African trypanosomiasis: the current situation in endemic regions and the risks for non-endemic regions from imported cases"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"147","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8582-4719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiang-Mei","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng-Yu","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3608-0175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoff","family":"Hide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"De-Hua","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao-Rong","family":"Lun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong-Dao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182020000645_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0898-y"},{"key":"S0031182020000645_ref48","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2019a) Number of new reported cases (T.b. gambiense) Data by country. 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