{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T05:20:18Z","timestamp":1784265618231,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592265600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human strongyloidiasis is a serious disease mostly attributable to <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic> and to a lesser extent <jats:italic>Strongyloides fuelleborni<\/jats:italic>, a parasite mainly of non-human primates. The role of animals as reservoirs of human-infecting <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> is ill-defined, and whether dogs are a source of human infection is debated. Published multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) studies attempt to elucidate relationships between <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> genotypes, hosts, and distributions, but typically examine relatively few worms, making it difficult to identify population-level trends. Combining MLST data from multiple studies is often impractical because they examine different combinations of loci, eliminating phylogeny as a means of examining these data collectively unless hundreds of specimens are excluded. A recently-described machine learning approach that facilitates clustering of MLST data may offer a solution, even for datasets that include specimens sequenced at different combinations of loci. By clustering various MLST datasets as one using this procedure, we sought to uncover associations among genotype, geography, and hosts that remained elusive when examining datasets individually. Multiple datasets comprising hundreds of <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. fuelleborni<\/jats:italic> individuals were combined and clustered. Our results suggest that the commonly proposed \u2018two lineage\u2019 population structure of <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic> (where lineage A infects humans and dogs, lineage B only dogs) is an over-simplification. Instead, <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic> seemingly represents a species complex, including two distinct populations over-represented in dogs, and other populations vastly more common in humans. A distinction between African and Asian <jats:italic>S. fuelleborni<\/jats:italic> is also supported here, emphasizing the need for further resolving these taxonomic relationships through modern investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182020000979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T04:55:33Z","timestamp":1592283333000},"page":"1184-1195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Machine learning-based analyses support the existence of species complexes for <i>Strongyloides fuelleborni<\/i> and <i>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"147","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8711-2408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel L. 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To the extent this is a work of the US Government, it is not subject to copyright protection within the United States. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the same Creative Commons licence is included and the original work is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}