{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:09:38Z","timestamp":1792271378772,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592352000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Babesia caballi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Theileria equi<\/jats:italic> are biological agents responsible for equine piroplasmosis (EP). We conducted a robust and extensive epidemiological study in Nigeria on the prevalence and risk factors of EP. Blood (468, both horses and donkeys) and ticks (201 pools) were screened using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA of equine piroplasms was observed in tick pools with <jats:italic>B. caballi<\/jats:italic> amplified in <jats:italic>Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi<\/jats:italic> only [minimum infection rate (MIR) of 7.6%] while <jats:italic>T. equi<\/jats:italic> was observed in <jats:italic>R. e. evertsi<\/jats:italic> (MIR, 61.6%), <jats:italic>Hyalomma dromedarii<\/jats:italic> (MIR, 23.7%) and <jats:italic>H. truncatum<\/jats:italic> (MIR, 50.0%). Overall results showed that 196\/468 (41.9%) animals were positive for equine piroplasms (both <jats:italic>B. caballi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. equi<\/jats:italic>). The prevalence for <jats:italic>T. equi<\/jats:italic> was 189\/468 (40.4%) compared to 7\/468 (1.5%) for <jats:italic>B. caballi<\/jats:italic>. In the horses and donkeys, respectively, the prevalence for <jats:italic>T. equi<\/jats:italic> was (39.9%; 112\/281) and (41.2%; 77\/187) compared with (1.4%; 4\/281) and (1.6%; 3\/187) due to <jats:italic>B. caballi<\/jats:italic>. Our analysis showed that location (Jigawa state), Talon breed, horses used for work and reproduction, unsatisfactory husbandry practices, contact with other mammals are risk factors that associated positivity to <jats:italic>T. equi<\/jats:italic> infection in horses, whilst horses kept on intensive management appeared to be less prone to infection. On the other hand, Jangora breed of donkeys and location (Jigawa state) are risk factors to infection with <jats:italic>T. equi<\/jats:italic> in donkeys. Findings suggest the persistence of EP in equids and ticks in Nigeria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182020000992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T06:04:21Z","timestamp":1592373861000},"page":"1238-1248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Molecular evidence of <i>Babesia caballi<\/i> and <i>Theileria equi<\/i> in equines and ticks in Nigeria: prevalence and risk factors analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"147","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6738-2291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ThankGod E.","family":"Onyiche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moeti O.","family":"Taioe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ndudim I.","family":"Ogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thillaiampalam","family":"Sivakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullahi A.","family":"Biu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert W.","family":"Mbaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuenan","family":"Xuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoaki","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriel","family":"Thekisoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182020000992_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12168"},{"key":"S0031182020000992_ref58","unstructured":"Walker, AR , Bouattour, A , Camicas, JL , Estrada-Pena, A , Horak, IG , Latif, AA , Pegram, RG and Preston, PM (2003) Ticks of domestic animals in Africa: a guide to identification of species. 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