{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T07:28:32Z","timestamp":1789457312564,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599696000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Weather conditions can impact infectious disease transmission, causing mortalities in humans, wild and domestic animals. Although rainfall in dry tropical regions is highly variable over the year, rainfall is thought to play an important role in the transmission of tick-borne diseases. Whether variation in rainfall affects disease-induced mortalities, is, however, poorly understood. Here, we use long-term data on monthly rainfall and Boran cattle mortality (1998\u20132017) to investigate associations between within-year variation in rainfall and cattle mortalities due to East Coast fever (ECF), anaplasmosis and babesiosis in Laikipia, Kenya, using ARIMAX modelling. Results show a negative correlation between monthly rainfall and cattle mortality for ECF and anaplasmosis, with a lag effect of 2 and 6 months, respectively. There was no association between babesiosis-induced mortalities and monthly rainfall. The results of this study suggest that control of the tick-borne diseases ECF and anaplasmosis to reduce mortalities should be intensified during rainy periods after the respective estimated time lags following dry periods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182020001638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T04:05:35Z","timestamp":1599710735000},"page":"1743-1751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Associations between monthly rainfall and mortality in cattle due to East Coast fever, anaplasmosis and babesiosis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Chepkwony","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Castagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignas","family":"Heitk\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Severine","family":"van Bommel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8870-0797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"van Langevelde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182020001638_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arm036","article-title":"Habitat use and movements of plains zebra (Equus burchelli) in response to predation danger from lions","volume":"18","author":"Fischhoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavioral Ecology"},{"key":"S0031182020001638_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/12-1607.1"},{"key":"S0031182020001638_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186914"},{"key":"S0031182020001638_ref45","first-page":"18","article-title":"Prevalence of gastro intestinal parasite infections in Maasai cattle in Ngorongoro district, Tanzania","volume":"18","author":"Swai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Livestock Research for Rural Development"},{"key":"S0031182020001638_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1208468"},{"key":"S0031182020001638_ref5","first-page":"49","article-title":"The febrile reaction in fatal East Coast fever \u2013 A review of 150 cases","volume":"10","author":"Brocklesby","year":"1962","journal-title":"Bulletin of Epizootic Diseases of Africa"},{"key":"S0031182020001638_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(88)90162-8"},{"key":"S0031182020001638_ref6","first-page":"e05018","article-title":"Avian influenza overview October 2016\u2013August 2017","volume":"15","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"S0031182020001638_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-194","article-title":"Epidemiology of East Coast fever (Theileria parva infection) in Kenya: past, present and the future","volume":"5","author":"Gachohi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasites and Vectors"},{"key":"S0031182020001638_ref53","first-page":"49","article-title":"Dynamics of free-living ixodid ticks on a game ranch in the Central Province, Zambia","volume":"65","author":"Zieger","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"S0031182020001638_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.170808"},{"key":"S0031182020001638_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3957\/0379-4369-37.1.79"},{"key":"S0031182020001638_ref29","first-page":"Article 64","article-title":"Knowledge and perception on ticks, tick-borne diseases and indigenous cattle tolerance to East Coast fever in agro-pastoral communities of Lake Zone in Tanzania","volume":"27","author":"Laisser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Livestock Research for Rural Development"},{"key":"S0031182020001638_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2003.811010"},{"key":"S0031182020001638_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1374.029"},{"key":"S0031182020001638_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg014"},{"key":"S0031182020001638_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-006-4318-3"},{"key":"S0031182020001638_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/iee.v5.30106"},{"key":"S0031182020001638_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2002)083[0255:CCAVAL]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"S0031182020001638_ref18","unstructured":"Government of Kenya (2016) Laikipia County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP). 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\u00a9 The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}